[AGL] Fw: Old miracle drug--I'll check if WF has it...oatmeal

[Michele Mason]

Gee! I buy 100lbs a wk for the horses—supposed to have no adds—Hmm?

On Nov 1, 2006, at 3:10 PM, Gerry wrote:

> Dr. Mesmo's tip of the day:
> There are many ways to consume oats. Probably the most popular in the  
> green zone is in the form of granola. Chances are the oats in granola  
> came from a healthy source. But you can't make this assumption about  
> any box of oat cereal you find on the shelves of the Piggly Wiggly, or  
> for Cherrios. Health food stores carry good oats in bulk and in  
> various forms, most of them processed. But to get all the oat has to  
> offer, soak the whole kernels for a few days, pouring off and drinking  
> the water. Then grind up the softened kernels in a food processor  
> with a cup of soaked dried fruit. The resulting dough is spread on  
> cookie sheets and dried slowly at temperatures below 114D. What you  
> get is an oat cookie that still has all the nutrition of the original  
> kernels, nothing sacrificed to processing and overheating. The dough  
> is also a good place to dump surplus zucchini, eggplant, etc.
>  
> I gather wild (stinging) nettles, an excellent source of vitamin B  
> widely used in herbal tonics (but not in any male formulas that I know  
> of). There are two large groves a short hike from my house, attractive  
> colonies. I often add them (flaked dry leaves) to soups. Herbalists  
> often tincture them in alcohol which is a better preservative than  
> baggies. At any rate, always wear gloves when handling and don't  
> breathe the dust or you might have an Ewie reaction. But not everyone  
> finds them loathsome even though they do itch like hell if you get  
> careless.
>  
> Livin' up on the Gila
> I'm in love with the native plants.
> Since everyone of them will either
> Stick or sting or stone you,
> I'll admit it's an odd romance...
> G
>  
>  
>> ----- Original Message -----
>> From: Bill Irwin
>> To: survivors' reminiscences about Austin Ghetto Daze in the 60s
>> Sent: Wednesday, November 01, 2006 12:11 PM
>> Subject: Re: [AGL] Fw: Old miracle drug--I'll check if WF has it...
>>
>> Frances:
>> You raise some interesting questions.  I don't know how much is in  
>> oat meal really but not that much I would think.  Epidemiological  
>> studies do show that people that eat just oat meal do have some very  
>> modest improvements.  The beta glucan that I take is actually made  
>> from the cell walls of a nutrional yeast, the yeast that we call  
>> bakers yeast so it wouldn't contain any oat meal antigens.  Eating  
>> cranberry concentrate could give you a food allergy just like eating  
>> an other food could give you an allergy.  If you do take any herbal  
>> remedies you do have to read the label.  One time I had an  
>> anaphylactic reaction to some plant in the garden and I am pretty  
>> sure it was stinging nettles.  I had to be rushed to the hospital and  
>> thought I was going to die before I got there.  A quick shot  from  
>> the doc and I was instantly cured but it was so scary I never want to  
>> go there again.  Many herbal medicines have stinging nettles as an  
>> ingredient, especially in "men's health" concoctions.  So read the  
>> label carefully for possible food allergies.  The wife developed a  
>> pretty good case of hives one time by pigging out on a combination of  
>> mangos and crabs at the same time, both highly allergenic foods.   
>> Individually, she can still eat either one in modest amounts with no  
>> problem - go figure.  Generally food allergies show up as hives just  
>> as you described, not a critical condition but a warning that your  
>> body has a problem with that food.
>>  
>> Beta glucan is available in stores but here in Hilo only one health  
>> food store out of 3 had it so I say it is not widely available here.   
>> In Austin you probably will not have any problem finding it.  Or a  
>> good tool for comparison shopping on the net is this One >  
>> http://www.healthpricer.com/index.jsp
>>  
>> Suggest that you start with a modest dose about 200 mg.  After a  
>> month or two with no problems maybe try 300 mg.  Try and keep it in  
>> that range unless you need surgery or develop a serious condition.  I  
>> have read maybe 70 abstracts and papers on the subject and no cases  
>> of side effects were reported in any of them.  I think this is a very  
>> safe product.
>> Aloha,
>> Ewie
>>  
>>> ----- Original Message -----
>>> From: Frances Morey
>>> To: survivors' reminiscences about Austin Ghetto Daze in the 60s
>>> Sent: Tuesday, October 31, 2006 10:41 PM
>>> Subject: Re: [AGL] Fw: Old miracle drug--I'll check if WF has it...
>>>
>>> Bill,
>>> This is all very interesting. So how many mg's of the neutraceutical  
>>> do you suppose are in a bowl of oatmeal. How does that amount  
>>> complare to the supplement? I had a patient who lived to be 93 who  
>>> ate a large bowl of oatmeal every morning. [I prefer Cheerios.]
>>> However, I one time developed an allergy to cranberry by consuming  
>>> cranberry pills as a food supplement. I had red pinhead size spots  
>>> all over my legs. The doctor decided that it was the cranberry  
>>> supplement capsules in which each contain the chemicals of a pound  
>>> of cranberries. I had been inadvertantly o-deing on cranberry. I  
>>> quit using it and the spots went away. Now, when I consume as little  
>>> as a half cup of cranberry juice the red spots come back. By using  
>>> the super concentrated supplements I apparently had set up an  
>>> allergy to that food product, according to my doctor.
>>> The discription of the biochemical processes attributed to beta  
>>> glucan seemed probable enough but I remain somewhat skeptical of  
>>> anything "not available in stores."  My dad used to declare that  
>>> we shouldn't buy anything seen on tv that is not available in  
>>> stores. He maintained that if it were a worthy product the stores  
>>> would have it. An actual bricks and mortar store is also there if  
>>> you want to return it.
>>> Frances
>>>
>>> Bill Irwin <billi at aloha.net> wrote:
>>>> Note: I am fowarding this on to your list Mike because I think it  
>>>> is some thing everyone should know about.  Also, I think Wayne  
>>>> should be taking this and I would be interested in hearing what  
>>>> Gerry would have to say about this.
>>>>  
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> The upcoming memorial to Billy Jim makes me think that some things  
>>>> can be done to protect against cancer.  With this thought in mind I  
>>>> would like to introduce to the ghetto folks a nutraceutical that  
>>>> can do much to enhance the immune system and to protect us against  
>>>> cancer and a host of other problems.  You may not have heard of it  
>>>> before as knowledge of its benefits is not that old and it is not  
>>>> that available in the stores.  That substance is Beta Glucan.  It  
>>>> is found in oat meal and is responsible for all the advertising  
>>>> proclaiming the healthful aspects of oats which is all true.  It is  
>>>> also found in other foods but in lesser amounts.  It is also found  
>>>> in abundance in the Japanese Maitake mushrooms which have been used  
>>>> to prevent and treat cancer for a long time.  The beta glucan you  
>>>> buy in health food stores has three major sources - extracted from  
>>>> oats, extracted from the Maitake mushroom, or made from the  
>>>> breakdown of the cell walls of a nutritional yeast.  As far as I  
>>>> can tell they are all about the same.  This nutraceutical has so  
>>>> many health benefits that I think everyone should know about it and  
>>>> be taking it for their own health and protection against cancer and  
>>>> other infections.  So I am going to give the complete low-down on  
>>>> beta glucan and why you should be using it.
>>>> This is important so pay attention.  The reading list is difficult  
>>>> but worth the effort.
>>>> Beta glucan is a polysaccharide (long chain sugar) molecule with  
>>>> important branches at certain positions.  You may see it labeled as  
>>>> Beta-1,3/1,6 -D-Glucan - meaning it has branches at the 1,3  
>>>> position and the 1,6 position.  It plays a very critical role in  
>>>> the immune system.  Macrophages, the white blood cells that go  
>>>> around the body and attacks germs, cancers, and foreign antigens,  
>>>> they can destroy cancer cells and eat them for breakfast, same for  
>>>> germs.  Macrophages have attachment sites on the outside of the  
>>>> cells for beta glucans.  The more beta glucan that attaches to the  
>>>> macrophages the more aggressive they become in attacking cancers  
>>>> and germs.  They also produce more tumor necrosis factor, TNF,  
>>>> which is a compound that can kill cancer cells.  They also produce  
>>>> more Interleukin-2 which activates and stimulates the growth of  
>>>> immune cells, most importantly T-Cells, but also Natural Killer  
>>>> Cells , both of which are capable of destroying cancer cells  
>>>> directly.  Macrophages are some of the first white blood cells to  
>>>> appear at the site of a physical wound as part of their job is to  
>>>> also eat up dead cell tissues and catch germs that enter the wound.  
>>>>  Beta glucan is probably the best stimulant of the immune system  
>>>> that you could find.  Some other cells have attachment points for  
>>>> beta glucan, most notably dermal fibroblast cells which do much of  
>>>> the work in making new skin - more on this later.
>>>> For a good paper on immune system deficiencies, their causes,  
>>>> symptoms, what can be done about it and the use of beta glucan see  
>>>> this reference - http://www.immunocorp.com/ca/research.pdf   A lot  
>>>> of good information and you should read it, moderately difficult.   
>>>> It makes the case for immune system repair.
>>>> Much is made of the use of beta glucan to treat cancer.  Countless  
>>>> studies have been made and all say that beta glucan is an aid to  
>>>> cancer treatment.  The use of mushrooms to treat cancer has long  
>>>> been known in Asia.  Here is a good paper on the use of mushroom  
>>>> beta glucans to treat cancer -  
>>>> http://www.thorne.com/altmedrev/fulltext/cancer5-1.html  Beta  
>>>> glucan when taken in conjunction with chemo agents enhance the  
>>>> effects of chemo and reduce its bad effects.  It's 1+1= 2.5 or more  
>>>> and you get less sick from the chemo.  Numerous case  
>>>> histories also show where beta glucan cured the cancer and in most  
>>>> every case the cancer was slown down.  Works best with chemo but  
>>>> can work on a daily basis to prevent the rise of cancer cells at a  
>>>> very early stage.  Here is a report on the use of mushroom extracts  
>>>> to treat cancer patients with many case histories -  
>>>> http://www.thorne.com/pdf/journal/7-3/maitake_md_fraction.pdf
>>>> Another good paper is this one on the use of mushroom beta glucans  
>>>> to treat cancer and also discusses beta glucan to treat diabetes,  
>>>> hypertension, cholesterol, and a few other conditions.   
>>>> http://www.thorne.com/pdf/journal/6-1/maitake_mxtract.pdf
>>>> You have seen countless ads on TV about how farmer John's oat  
>>>> cereal is the cereal for healthy hearts. It will reduce  
>>>> cholesterol, and blood pressure which is all true. Farmer John  
>>>> didn't tell you that you would have to eat 2 or 3 bowls three times  
>>>> a day to get a therapeutic dose to treat a condition, but as a  
>>>> preventative measure it is a good place to start.  Many studies  
>>>> have been made and they all show that beta glucan from oat meal  
>>>> will lower cholesterol and blood pressure over time.  The  
>>>> reductions are not great but for many people it could mean the  
>>>> difference between a problem and being OK.  If you need significant  
>>>> improvements quickly due to a health threat the pharmaceutical will  
>>>> give stronger action but with more side effects.  The higher the  
>>>> beta glucan content the bigger the improvement.  See the links  
>>>> below for references to hypertension and cholesterol studies that  
>>>> have been done.
>>>> If you have type 2 diabetes beta glucan may be of some help.   
>>>> Several studies have been made on the effect of beta glucan on this  
>>>> type of diabetes and they all show that you can expect a decline in  
>>>> blood sugar and blood insulin.  I am not an expert in diabetes but  
>>>> I would think that this might be of some help in reducing symptoms  
>>>> and long term side effects of type 2 diabetes.  The same effect of  
>>>> lowering blood sugar and insulin also works on people who have  
>>>> normal sugar metabolism meaning that it may help people that are in  
>>>> danger of developing type 2 diabetes.  This is not a cure of  
>>>> diabetes, only a help in dealing with the problem.  See the  
>>>> reference links below for results of these experiments.
>>>> In other promising studies beta glucan was given to patients that  
>>>> were to have high risk abdominal surgeries to see if it could  
>>>> prevent later complications.  Patients who received beta glucan  
>>>> treatment prior to surgeries have fewer infections, less server  
>>>> infections, and fewer post operative complications resulting in  
>>>> shorter stays in intensive care units.  One study reported a 39%  
>>>> decrease in infections and deaths in patients who received beta  
>>>> glucan.  These results are supported in studies where rats given  
>>>> beta glucan and then had experimental wounds and surgeries had  
>>>> faster wound healing, the wounds developed higher tensile strength  
>>>> earlier, and in many case prevented infections in rats.  The  
>>>> treated rats had a much higher survival rate and fewer  
>>>> complications.  If you are going to have a major surgery you should  
>>>> start taking beta glucan about a week before surgery and continue  
>>>> until full recovery.  I can't help to think that Clark Santos might  
>>>> still be here if he had been taking this supplement prior to his  
>>>> emergency room trip. Once again, see the references below.
>>>> One of the more interesting aspects of beta glucan is its activity  
>>>> in regenerating skin.  It can stimulate dermal fibroblasts to make  
>>>> more collagen which will make skin a little thicker and help to  
>>>> erase fine lines and wrinkles.  Numerous studies have shown that  
>>>> beta glucan can improve wound healing, make the wound healing  
>>>> process stronger and faster.  Thicker skin and fewer wrinkles  
>>>> sounds like something that the older ghetto residents might be  
>>>> interested in.  It was also of some interest to the cosmetics  
>>>> industry and they did a scientific study of the question and found  
>>>> that beta glucan applied to the skin can penetrate the skin and  
>>>> stimulate the fibroblast to make more collagen and the result is  
>>>> improved skin condition with fewer wrinkles.  Their study has  
>>>> microscopic proof of its action and data to support the claim to  
>>>> improved condition.  Their study was based on a 8 week treatment  
>>>> with beta glucan so it is not a quick fix.
>>>> International Federation of Societies of Cosmetic Chemists report:  
>>>> http://www.ceapro.com/pdfs/ifscc.pdf
>>>> Oat (1,4; 1,3) beta-glucan is a natural active ingredient offering  
>>>> significant performance enhancing properties for personal care  
>>>> applications. Our studies have shown that the molecule, despite its  
>>>> considerable molecular weight, is able to enter the stratum corneum  
>>>> and epidermis and penetrate deep into the dermis. The observed  
>>>> effects of beta-glucan on tissue restructuring and wrinkle  
>>>> reduction are most likely effects mediated by fibroblast  
>>>> stimulation and collagen deposition in the dermis. These unique  
>>>> properties make oat beta-glucan a promising and effective  
>>>> ingredient for cosmetics.
>>>> I have been taking it for about 2 months and have noticed an  
>>>> improvement in my skin similar to the cosmetics industry report.  I  
>>>> also credit it with curing a skin condition that I had.  It seems  
>>>> to me that oral intake has the same skin improvement effects and  
>>>> does all the other good things that beta glucan can do so I think  
>>>> that is the best route.  Some cosmetic products are already  
>>>> appearing on the market with beta glucan.  Or, maybe you can have  
>>>> your lover massage you every night with hot oat meal.
>>>> In summary:
>>>> WHAT CAN BETA GLUCAN DO FOR YOU
>>>> Strengthen your immune system by filling attachment points on  
>>>> macrophages thereby making them more aggressive
>>>> Enables your immune system to better kill cancer cells
>>>> Enables your immune system to better kill germs
>>>> Slows the growth of cancers and in a few exceptional cases has  
>>>> cured cancers
>>>> Works with chemo to make it stronger and reduces side effects from  
>>>> chemo
>>>> Will give modest reductions in cholesterol
>>>> Will give modest reductions in hypertension
>>>> Type 2 diabetics may have lower glucose and insulin levels
>>>> Surgery patients have fewer deaths, infection, and complications
>>>> All wounds heal faster, better, and stronger
>>>> Reduces fine lines in skin
>>>> Makes your skin look younger
>>>> Now, can anybody find some negative in this list?  What we are  
>>>> talking about is some extract from oat meal.  Oat meal is not a  
>>>> dangerous substance, I did not see any report on side effects in  
>>>> the many reports I have read on this substance.  You need less than  
>>>> a 1/2 gram of this oat concentrate a day to get most of these  
>>>> protective effects, much more if you are headed to the operating  
>>>> room or have active cancer.
>>>>  
>>>> About the dosage:  For maintenance from 200-400 mg a day.  I am  
>>>> taking 200 a day but think I could use a little more so I plan on  
>>>> going to 300 mg a day.  For pre-operative protection take 1500 mg a  
>>>> day for a week before, then 500mg a day until you feel that you  
>>>> recovered completely from the surgery, then back to maintenance  
>>>> dose.  For active cancer 1500 mg or more plus a complete set  
>>>> nutraceuticals aimed at fighting cancer, there are several good  
>>>> books on this subject.  Vitamin D is involved with beta glucan and  
>>>> the immune system so you need to be sure you have enough - take  
>>>> 400-800 IU depending on your diet and how much time you spend in  
>>>> the sun.
>>>>  
>>>> Why I am writing this letter:  I am tired of hearing about  Billy  
>>>> Jim, Clark Santos, Jaxon, just to name a few of the recent ones,  
>>>> who could have had their lives extended or maybe even found cures  
>>>> if they only had known about this simple substance.  Now I have  
>>>> passed the information on to all of you and you can no longer plead  
>>>> ignorance.  Please take care of yourself dear folk.
>>>> Aloha,
>>>> Ewie
>>>> ******************************
>>>> The references:   These are mostly in the form of abstracts which  
>>>> are difficult to read as the whole research project is condensed in  
>>>> one paragraph.  Generally the first sentence or two has the theses  
>>>> and the last sentence the results and a lot of big words in  
>>>> between.
>>>>  
>>>> Hypertension
>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? 
>>>> cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7956987&dopt=Abstract
>>>> lowered cholesterol and LDL but not HDL
>>>>  
>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? 
>>>> cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11978262&dopt=Citation
>>>> RESULTS: The oat cereal (cereal enriched with beta glucan -  
>>>> 5.52%) group experienced a 7.5 mm Hg reduction in SBP (P &lt.01)  
>>>> and a 5.5 mm Hg reduction in DBP (P &lt.02), while there was  
>>>> virtually no change in either SBP or DBP in the control group. In  
>>>> the oat cereal group, a trend was observed for a lower total  
>>>> insulin response to a glucose load, suggesting improved insulin  
>>>> sensitivity. However, this could not be confirmed using estimates  
>>>> from the Bergman Minimal Model, perhaps because of our small sample  
>>>> size. The oats group experienced a significant reduction in both  
>>>> total cholesterol (9%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol  
>>>> (14%). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of oat cereals to the normal diet  
>>>> of patients with hypertension significantly reduces both SBP and  
>>>> DBP. Soluble fiber-rich whole oats may be an effective dietary  
>>>> therapy in the prevention and adjunct treatment of hypertension.
>>>>  
>>>> http://intl.jacn.org/cgi/content/abstract/16/1/46
>>>> Effect of beta-glucan level in oat fiber extracts on blood lipids  
>>>> in men and women
>>>>  Total cholesterol levels after the higher beta-glucan extract diet  
>>>> were significantly lower than those after the low beta-glucan diet.  
>>>> CONCLUSIONS: Beneficial reduction of cholesterol was obtained with  
>>>> modest amounts of oat extract incorporated into the diet. A  
>>>> significant dose response due to beta-glucan concentration in the  
>>>> oat extract was observed in total cholesterol levels.
>>>>  
>>>> Diabetes
>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? 
>>>> cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8033532&dopt=Citation
>>>>  A diet rich in beta-glucan may therefore be of benefit in the  
>>>> regulation of postprandial plasma glucose levels in subjects with  
>>>> Type 2 diabetes.
>>>>  
>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? 
>>>> cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8948386&dopt=Citation
>>>> Oat bran concentrate bread products improve long-term control of  
>>>> diabetes: a pilot study.  CONCLUSIONS: The well-accepted oat bran  
>>>> concentrate bread products improved glycemic, insulinemic, and  
>>>> lipidemic responses.
>>>>
>>>>  
>>>>
>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? 
>>>> cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11874441&dopt=Citation
>>>> Effects of a water-soluble extract of maitake mushroom on  
>>>> circulating glucose/insulin concentrations in KK mice.   
>>>> CONCLUSIONS: FXM, a natural extract obtained from maitake mushroom,  
>>>> favourably influences glucose/insulin metabolism in  
>>>> insulin-resistant KK mice. The lowering of both circulating glucose  
>>>> and insulin concentrations suggests that FXM works primarily by  
>>>> enhancing peripheral insulin sensitivity.
>>>>  
>>>> Cancer
>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? 
>>>> cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10851301&dopt=Citation
>>>>  A bioactive beta-glucan from the Maitake mushroom has a cytotoxic  
>>>> effect, presumably through oxidative stress, on prostatic cancer  
>>>> cells in vitro, leading to apoptosis.
>>>>  
>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? 
>>>> cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8575861&dopt=Citation
>>>>  In the established tumor model, beta glucan + BsAb reduced the  
>>>> incidence of s.c. tumors as compared with control, with BsAb alone  
>>>> and with beta glucan alone. It also prolonged survival of  
>>>> tumor-bearing mice compared with control, BsAb alone and beta  
>>>> glucan alone. We conclude that T cells can be activated in vivo by  
>>>> beta glucan and retargeted with F(ab')2 BsAb.
>>>>  
>>>> Surgery
>>>> http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1234447
>>>>  PGG-glucan is safe and appears to be effective in the further  
>>>> reduction of the morbidity and cost of major surgery.
>>>>  
>>>> http://archsurg.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/134/9/977
>>>> Conclusion  Perioperative administration of PGG-glucan reduced  
>>>> serious postoperative infections or death by 39% after high-risk  
>>>> noncolorectal operations.
>>>>  
>>>> http://www.springerlink.com/content/egx2ddc85e7fj98t/
>>>> Inguinal hernia repair with beta glucan-coated mesh: results at  
>>>> two-year follow up - hernia repair with beta-glucan coated mesh has  
>>>> a low recurrence rate. Incidence of chronic pain is low. The  
>>>> situation is in relationship with a lightweight and smooth mesh of  
>>>> polypropylene and the role of oat beta glucan optimizing the  
>>>> healing and inclusion of the mesh into the tissues.
>>>>  
>>>> Wound healing
>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? 
>>>> cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9012425&dopt=Citation
>>>> These data indicate that macrophage modulation with glucan  
>>>> phosphate will increase tensile strength in experimental colon and  
>>>> skin wounds. In addition, we observed a positive correlation  
>>>> between glucan phosphate treatment, wound tensile strength, and  
>>>> collagen biosynthesis.
>>>>
>>>> Skin
>>>> http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1046/j.1524 
>>>> -475X.2002.10804.x/abs/
>>>> Glucan stimulates human dermal fibroblast collagen biosynthesis  
>>>> through a nuclear factor-1 dependent mechanism
>>>>
>>>>  
>>>> Protection against infection:
>>>>  
>>>> http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1574 
>>>> -695X.2000.tb01420.x
>>>> The data demonstrate that SSG administered systemically protects  
>>>> against pneumococcal infection in mice.
>>>>  
>>>> http://www.springerlink.com/content/k35n277mq8680340/
>>>> Conclusions  In this rat model of intra-abdominal sepsis  
>>>> <xxlarge946.gif>-glucan treatment partially protected against  
>>>> secondary lung injury, decreased lung hemorrhages, and lung  
>>>> neutrophilia. These results suggest that <xxlarge946.gif>-glucan  
>>>> protects against sepsis-associated lung damage.
>>>  Low, Low, Low Rates! Check out Yahoo! Messenger's cheap PC-to-Phone  
>>> call rates. 
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