CIA and Guatemala
Bill Irwin
billi@aloha.net
Wed, 24 Oct 2001 10:33:37 -1000
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CIA and GuatemalaDon:
Good bibliography on our operations in Guatemala. Stuff like this =
answers the question of "why do they hate us". Propagandist like =
Bernays is one of the reasons that democracy is almost dead. All is =
mind control these days. Disagree and your are a 'commie' or 'soft on =
terrorists' or a 'liberal' or some other prerogative.
I hope that you continue to post more information and not be intimidated =
by Mike. Some of your statements in your letter were right on, for =
example: "Propaganda, deceit, emotion, self-deception and delusion are =
special interests of mine.... I'm also interested in aggression..... =
This forum, as well as most others, very effectively demonstrates the =
topics I'm interested in." I for one would like to hear more from you. =
I liked the way that you provided the documentation on Guatemala. If =
you would like to see Mike go into orbit then provide the same =
documentation on the Israel-US-Palestine conflict.
Some thoughts on "why do they hate us" ; We Americans are shocked, =
frightened, angry and don't understand the motive about the WTC and the =
anthrax attacks but over half of the worlds population are cheering them =
on. I think that we better start asking ourselves why they feel this =
way. The propaganda America puts out sounds really great but the =
reality of what is done in this country and in foreign countries is not =
very good. We need to take off the propaganda colored sunglasses and =
see the truth. Thanks Don for your small attempt to lift those =
sunglasses.
Bill
PS- sorry for the poorly written letter but I am not feeling very well =
today.
----- Original Message -----=20
From: Don Laird=20
To: austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net=20
Sent: Wednesday, October 24, 2001 9:07 AM
Subject: CIA and Guatemala
Michael Eisenstadt said, in an unsigned message,=20
"Of course you do realize that he had NOTHING to do with CIA activity =
in Guatemala in 1954. And you do realize that the Jew Bernays was =
somewhere lurking around behind the bad stuff the gummint was doing in =
1954."
=
-----------------------------
Something I do enjoy doing is exposing lies. In this particular case, =
however, I'm confident that Mike is not lying. Unfortunately, that =
can't really be interpreted as a compliment this time. =20
=20
Propaganda, deceit, emotion, self-deception and delusion are special =
interests of mine, and the attached file of entries on the CIA and =
Guatemala discuss or imply each of my special interests. I'm also =
interested in aggression, which combined with the other interests, helps =
to explain much human behavior, especially negative behavior so commonly =
engaged in by males. Like terrorism.
One of the lies is the whole book written by Ronald Schneider, =
employed by the Un. of PA right-wing cold-war think tank, the FPRI. =
Right-wingers, like FBI and CIA agents, seem happy enough to engage in =
lying as readily as in assassinating. This forum, as well as most =
others, very effectively demonstrates the topics I'm interested in. =
I've interpreted that Mike's extremism directed toward me related to the =
stock market immediately after my first posts that identified problems =
of the U.S. government was founded on his powerful emotional response to =
my federal government statements. In fact he effectively acknowledged =
that in a recent post.
=20
Regarding Bernays, I soft-pedalled my characterization of him. Paid =
about $100,000 a year by United Fruit for his PR consultations, Bernays =
did more that to help cover up the U.S overthrow of Guatemala. I =
believe he was actually directly involved in the planning of its =
overthrow. References to Bernays are found below under headings =
Corporate Involvement (2), Deception (1), Domestic Op (1), and Media =
(2). I included a long list because it has some pretty interesting data =
in it. Jeb Bush can be found involved, as can Israel.
As for Bernays being a Jew, so is George Soros, who promotes =
democracy. Soros is hated by many Congressmen and others for that very =
characteristic. Noam Chomsky is also a Jew. Those who intentionally =
mispell his name, or anyone's name, generally are making a general, =
non-specific hostile comment. It's similar to calling a schoolboy a =
name. You don't have to think, analyze, or evaluate. You just attack, =
generally, so there's nothing specific to disprove. Noam Chomsky is =
called a "USA hater" by many who attack in that way. Such labelling is =
used by propagandists and can be extremely effective, as in the =
ATF/FBI/federalgovernment/media labelling the Branch Davidians a cult.
So I will continue to expose the sourced facts about my government =
and country, including the plutonium medical experiments, unless, of =
course, you come down on freedom of speech. =20
With affection to some,=20
donadelusionalselfdeceivingagressivemale=20
=20
Entries from CIBASE regarding the CIA and Guatemala
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA NEGOTIATED SALE OF AIR FORCE PLANES TO NICARAGUAN =
AIR
FORCE, CIA PILOTS USED PLANES TO FLY SORTIES IN GUATEMALA. POWERS, T.
(1979). THE MAN WHO KEPT THE SECRETS 87
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA PROVIDED EXILES WITH MORE THAN 30 PLANES FOR USE =
IN
OVERTHROW OP. MEDICAL INSTITUTE SET UP TO COVER CIA INVOLVEMENT. BF =
17,
115-116, 171-2, 182, 193
GUATEMALA, 54 SMALL CIA AIR FORCE OF 47 THUNDERBOLTS BOMBED =
GUATEMALA,
EISENHOWER'S AMBASSADOR TO UN. CATEGORICALLY DENIED ANY U.S. =
INVOLVEMENT IN
COUP. WISE, D. (1973). THE POLITICS OF LYING 51
GUATEMALA, 54 TO SUPPORT OVERTHROW. PRADOS, J. (1986). PRESIDENTS'
SECRET WARS 105-07
GUATEMALA, 60 CIA PROVIDED BOMBERS PILOTED BY CUBAN EXILES TO =
ATTACK
DISSIDENT ARMY PERSONNEL. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER
FRUIT 239
GUATEMALA. SHEEP-DIPPED AIR FORCE PERSONNEL BOMBED AND STRAFED THE =
REBEL
HQS TO SAVE THE YDIGORAS GVT. PROUTY, L.F. (1973). THE SECRET TEAM 41
GUATEMALA, 54 IN OVERTHROW EISENHOWER ENLISTED ALL AMBASSADORS IN =
THE
AREA, GAVE A ROLE TO USIS, AS WELL AS THE US ARMY AND NAVY AND THE =
CIA. HE
ASKED EVERY DICTATOR IN THE AREA; I.E., TRUJILLO, BATISTA, SOMOZA, =
JIMENEZ,
AND OTHERS IN HONDURAS AND EL SALVADOR TO JOIN A REGION-WIDE SEIGE. =
THE
NATION 10/28/78 P44O
ASSASSINATIONS
GUATEMALA, 54 ONE INFORMER-PROVOCATEUR REPORTED SUCCESS ON "ONE =
CAMPAIGN
TO TERRORIZE COMMUNIST LEADERS." HIS GROUP HARASSED PRO-ARBENZ LEADERS =
IN
GUATEMALAN CONGRESS. AFTER ONE LEADER SHOT, NOTES SAYING, YOU ARE =
NEXT, ARE
PLANTED IN CARS OR MAILED TO HOMES OF OTHER DEPUTIES. COOK, B. (1981). =
THE
DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 265
JACK ANDERSON REPORTS CIA OPS OF SENDING ARMS TO REBELS IN =
AFGHANISTAN;
SUPPORTING EGYPT AND TURKEY IN OPS AGAINST IRAN; BACKING THE POL POT =
FORCES
IN CAMBODIA; TRAINING CUBAN ASSASSINATION SQUADS IN GUATEMALA AND =
WORKING
WITH ISRAEL TO DISRUPT THE PLO. WP 8/27/81 FROM PARAPOLITICS/USA =
10/31/81
P7
GUATEMALA, 53-54 ARBENZ GVT BEGAN LEGAL EXPROPRIATION OF 178,000 =
ACRES OF
UNITED FRUIT COMPANY LAND. UF ASKED FOR 16 MILLION, ARBENZ OFFERED A
24-YEAR BOND VALUED AT $525,000. VALUE LOW AS IT BASED ON VALUE =
COMPANY HAD
PLACED ON PROPERTY FOR TAX PURPOSES. UF DISTRIBUTED SEVERAL HUNDRED =
COPIES
OF BOOK, REPORT ON NICARAGUA, THAT BEGAN: "A MOSCOW-DIRECTED COMMUNIST
CONSPIRACY IN CENTRAL AMERICA IS ONE OF SOVIET UNION'S MOST SUCCESSFUL
OPERATIONS OF INFILTRATION OUTSIDE OF IRON CURTAIN COUNTRIES." AUTHOR
REFUSED TO HAVE NAME ON BOOK. COPIES DISTRIBUTED TO EVERY MEMBER OF
CONGRESS WHO WOULD ACCEPT IT. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: =
THE
TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 49
GUATEMALA, 54 DOCUMENTS REMOVED FROM GUATEMALA IN JULY 54. PART OF
CLEANUP OF STATE DEPT-CIA OP A COMMITTEE "SEIZED FILES OF ALL
COMMUNIST-INFILTRATED ORGS AND LEADING FIGURES OF ARBENZ REGIME." =
50,000
DOCS MICROFILMED USED TO FORM BASIS OF BOOK, "COMMUNISM IN GUATEMALA,"
1944-1954, BY RONALD M. SCHNEIDER - PUBLISHED BY FREDERICK A. PRAEGER
SERIES IN RUSSIAN HISTORY AND WORLD COMMUNISM (1958), SUBSEQUENTLY =
REVEALED
TO BE A CIA-SPONSORED PROJECT UNDER FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE =
OF
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. COOK, B. (1981). THE DECLASSIFIED =
EISENHOWER
375-76 N 2
GUATEMALA, 44-54 COLD-WAR SCHOLAR RONALD SCHNEIDER PUBLISHED IN 58 =
A
SCHOLARLY ACCOUNT OF THE COMMUNIST TAKEOVER UNDER ARBENZ "COMMUNISM IN
GUATEMALA." SCHNEIDER GIVEN ACCESS TO MORE THAN 50,000 INTERNAL DOCS. =
BOOK
MADE NO MENTION OF U.S. ROLE IN OVERTHROW GVT. WHEN HE WROTE BOOK =
SCHNEIDER
EMPLOYED BY THE U. OF PENNSYLVANIA'S RIGHT-WING COLD-WAR THINK TANK, =
THE
FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE (FPRI). IT CLAIMED SCHNEIDER GOT =
DOCS
THRU THE STATE DEPT, IT MORE LIKELY THAT HIS CONTACTS WERE THE CIA, =
WHICH
WAS FUNDING THE FPRI. JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974). GUATEMALA
83-4
GUATEMALA, 52-55 UNITED FRUIT PAID CLEMENTS TO WRITE STUDY "REPORT =
ON
GUATEMALA-1952" AND SENT IT TO MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. SOME OF ITS =
DEFAMATORY
RESEARCH FOUND ITS WAY INTO STATE DEPARTMENTS'S WHITE PAPER ON =
GUATEMALA
ISSUED IN 1954. IN 53 CLEMENTS PUT TOGETHER ANOTHER DOCUMENT, A SHRILL
PROTEST AGAINST AMERICA'S REFUSAL TO REMOVE THE GUATEMALAN GVT CALLED
"REPORT ON CENTRAL AMERICA 1954". BOTH CLEMENT'S WORKS RCVD BY CIA =
WHICH
TOOK CHARGE DISTRIBUTING TO GVT OFFICIALS AS CIA'S OWN. SCHLESINGER, =
S., & =20
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 95
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER CIA-BACKED COUP CIA COUNTERINTEL OFFICERS SENT =
TO
GUATEMALA TO GATHER COMMIE DOCUMENTS. GATHERED OVER 50,000 FILES WHICH
LATER FORMED THE BASIS OF HISTORIAN RONALD SCHNEIDER'S BOOK "COMMUNISM =
IN
GUATEMALA," PUBLISHED IN 59 AS "OFFICIAL" HISTORY OF THE GUATEMALAN =
COUP.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 220
GUATEMALA, 54 DANIEL JAMES PUBLISHED A BOOK "RED DESIGN FOR THE
AMERICAS" WHICH OFFERED A RATIONALE FOR OVERTHROWING ARBENZ GVT. CIA
INDIRECTLY PLAYED ROLE IN PRODUCTION OF BOOK: JAMES PUBLISHER, JOHN =
DAY,
WAS LATER UNMASKED AS A CONDUIT OF CIA. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S.
(1983). BITTER FRUIT 89
BRIBERY
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA ATTEMPTED BRIBE ARMY OFFICERS TO DEFECT. =
SCHLESINGER,
S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 139
GUATEMALA, 54 OVERTHROW OP HAD ITS OWN BUDGET AND COST BETWEEN 5 =
AND 7
MILLION. FT. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S SPIES 226
GUATEMALA, 54 IN 51 ARBENZ ELECTED. 2% PEOPLE OWNED 70% OF LAND. =
UNITED
FRUIT EXPLOITED WORKFORCE. IN 3/53 CIA BACKED RIGHT WINGERS WITH MONEY =
AND
ARMS, BUT UPRISING FAILED. 5/54 CIA USED CZECH SHIPMENT OF ARMS AS =
PRETEXT.
PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN MOUNTED IN LATIN AMERICAN PRESS THAT ARBENZ A
COMMUNIST. BLEDOWSKA, C., & BLOCH, J. (1987). KGB/CIA 56-7
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA PLANES PARACHUTED RUSSIAN-MADE ARMS TO MAKE THE =
CLAIM
THAT THE SOVIETS WERE TRYING TO ESTABLISH A BEACHHEAD. COMMANDO RAIDS =
BY
CIA OPERATIVES KNOCKED OUT RAILROAD LINES, A FEW SHIPS AND SOME =
TRAINS. THE
NATION 10/28/78 P443
GUATEMALA, CIRCA 50 USIA IN GUATEMALA ESTABLISHES ANTI-ARBENZ NEWS
SERVICE WHICH DISTRIBUTED BLACK PROPAGANDA LABELLING GVT OFFICIALS AND
LABOR LEADERS COMMUNISTS. BARRY, T., & PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD IN =
CENTRAL
AMERICA 20
GUATEMALA, 54 USIA AKA USIS MOBILIZED ALL RESOURCES SUPPORT =
OVERTHROW OP
TRIED CONVINCE OAS THERE COMMUNIST THREAT. FLOODED CENTRAL AMER WITH
PAMPHLETS, TAPE RECORDINGS, PLANTED STORIES NEWSPAPERS AND RADIO =
PROGRAMS
ALL DESIGNED TO PROVE ARBENZ A COMMUNIST. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S
SPIES 227
GUATEMALA. ARMS SHIPMENT 54 FOSTER DULLES ANNOUNCED ARMS SHIPMENT =
RECV IN
GUATEMALA FROM CZECHOSLOVAKIA AND ALLEN DULLES SAID COMMUNISTS TRYING =
EST
FOOTHOLD IN CENTRAL AMERICA. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S SPIES 216
GUATEMALA, COORDINATION, 54 USIA MOBILIZED ALL RESOURCES TO =
CONVINCE OAS
THAT THERE GENUINE COMMUNIST THREAT GUATEMALA. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). =
IKE'S
SPIES 227
GUATEMALA, 54-74 IN THE 20 YEARS AFTER THE 54 COUP, THE US PAID OUT =
$50
MILLION TO TRAIN THE MOST EFFICIENT MILITARY MACHINE IN C.A. AND FROM =
THE
LATE 60S, THIS MACHINE REPRESSED ALL OPPOSITION WITH SAVAGERY. WALL =
STREET
JOURNAL 2/24/83
GUATEMALA, 54-74 U.S. ATTEMPTS TO CONTAIN THE CLASS STRUGGLE AND TO
MAINTAIN GUATEMALA AS A PRESERVE FOR U.S. INVESTORS AMBIGUOUS. AMID AN
UNPRECEDENTED ECONOMIC BOOM FOR A TINY GROUP OF PRODUCERS AND =
EXPORTERS,
CONDITIONS FOR THE VAST MAJORITY ARE STEADILY WORSENING. FOR ADD =
DETAILS
SEE JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974). GUATEMALA 120
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER CIA OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ GVT A LENGTHY REIGN OF
TERROR FOLLOWED. 70% OF PEOPLE DISENFRANCHISED WHICH DENIED =
ILLITERATES THE
RIGHT TO VOTE. LABOR AND UNION RIGHTS WERE REPEALED AND 800,000 ACRES =
LAND
HANDED BACK TO UNITED FRUIT. BLEDOWSKA, C., & BLOCH, J. (1987). =
KGB/CIA 59
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER THE CIA-LED COUP, ARMAS, UNDER US PRESSURE BEGAN =
TO
PERSECUTE HUNDREDS FOR VAGUE COMMUNIST CRIMES; HE RESCINDED THE =
AGRARIAN
REFORM LAWS, HANDED BACK ALL OF UNITED FRUIT'S SEIZED LAND, AND =
ESTABLISHED
A RUTHLESS AUTHORITARIAN REGIME. GUATEMALA'S FRAGILE DEMOCRACY WAS
IRREPARABLY SHATTERED. SUCCESSIVE COUPS, FIXED ELECTIONS AND RIGHTIST
REGIMES FOLLOWED. THE NATION 10/28/78 P444
GUATEMALA, 54 BRIEF ARTICLE ON ANNIVERSARY OF CIA-ORCHESTRATED COUP =
IN
GUATEMALA. PHIL ROETINGER WRITES THAT HE WAS IN CIA AT TIME AND HELPED
OVERTHROW THE GVT. CIA RECRUITED A TRAITOR WITHIN ARBENZ GVT WHO =
CONVINCED
ARBENZ TO ABDICATE TO PREVENT LOSS OF LIFE - THIS TRAITOR LATER =
INSTALLED
AS PRESIDENT AND STILL LATER WAS ASSASSINATED. GUATEMALA HAS BEEN =
RULED BY
VICIOUS DICTATORS SINCE. UNCLASSIFIED 8/94 20
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA-SPONSORED TAKEOVER HAD IMMENSE LONG-RANGE =
CONSEQUENCES
FOR THE US. THE NATION 10/28/78 P439
GUATEMALA, 60-90 HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS SAY AT LEAST 40,000 GUATEMALANS
"DISAPPEARED" IN LAST 3 DECADES. MOST WERE POOR INDIANS. =
ANTHROPOLOGISTS,
LED BY CLYDE SNOW, DUG AWAY AT A VILLAGE SITE. MARIA LOPEZ HAD A =
HUSBAND
AND A SON IN ONE GRAVE. SHE SAID ON MORNING OF VALENTINE'S DAY 82, =
MEMBERS
OF ANTI-GUERRILLA MILITIA TOOK HER HUSBAND AND OTHERS. THEY HAD =
REFUSED TO
JOIN MILITIAS KNOWN AS CIVIL SELF-DEFENSE PATROLS AND WERE KILLED. SIX
KNOWN CLANDESTINE GRAVES IN SAN JOSE PACHO. HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS BLAME =
MOST
DISAPPEARANCES ON ARMY-RUN CIVIL SELF-DEFENSE PATROLS SET UP UNDER
PRESIDENCIES OF GEN LUCAS GARCIA AND BRIG. GEN. RIOS MONTT. THERE ARE
HUNDREDS OF CLANDESTINE GRAVES FILLED WITH VICTIMS OF THE MILITIAS,
RIGHT-WING DEATH SQUADS AND BRUTAL COUNTERINSURGENCY CAMPAIGNS. =
WASHINGTON
TIMES 8/5/92 A9
GUATEMALA, 66-88 U.S. MILITARY ADVISERS HELPED IN CI CAMPAIGN THAT
VIRTUALLY WIPED OUT 8000 PEASANT LIVES IN 2 YEARS. ALLOWED THE POLICE =
TO
DISMEMBER OPPOSITION NEWSPAPERS, THE UNIVERSITY AND POLITICAL ORGS. =
NACLA
(MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P8
GUATEMALA, 70-72 UNDER ARANA PRESIDENCY, WITH MARIO SANDOVAL ALARCON =
AND
OTHERS INVOLVED IN RIGHT-WING TERRORISM, ARANA UNLEASHED ONE OF THE =
MOST
GRUESOME SLAUGHTERS IN RECENT LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY (ONLY IN CHILE,
FOLLOWING THE COUP AGAINST ALLENDE WAS THE DEGREE OF VIOLENCE =
GREATER). THE
NYT REPORTED IN JUNE 71 THAT AT LEAST 2000 GUATEMALANS WERE =
ASSASSINATED
BETWEEN 11/70 AND 5/71; MOST CORPSES SHOWED SIGNS OF TORTURE. MOST OF
KILLING ATTRIBUTED TO THE OFFICIALLY SUPPORTED TERRORIST ORGS OJO POR =
OJO
(AN EYE FOR AN EYE) AND MANO BLANCA. JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). =
(1974).
GUATEMALA 202-3
GUATEMALA, 78-85 THE GUATEMALAN ARMY, BACKED BY THE U.S., HAS =
KILLED
PERHAPS 100,000 UNARMED CIVILIANS SINCE 78. THE PROGRESSIVE 7/86 P6
GUATEMALA, 80-85 SEE ARTICLE IN NACLA "UNDER THE GUN," ABOUT THE
MILITARY'S DOMINATION OF GUATEMALA FOR THE LAST THREE DECADES. NACLA
(MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 12/85 P10-23
GUATEMALA, 80-92 GUATEMALA HAS POLITICAL MODERNIZATION AND A RETURN =
TO
CIVILIAN RULE. CHANGES SINCE 85 DRAMATIC. BUT FUTURE STILL LOOKS GRIM.
HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES CONTINUE, UNADDRESSED ARE NATION'S DEEPEST =
STRUCTURAL
WEAKNESSES: CONCENTRATION OF LAND AND WEALTH, NO COMMITMENT TO LONG =
TERM
INVESTMENTS, MARGINALIZATION OF INDIAN AND RURAL POPULATION, AND
UNRESPONSIVNESS OF STATE TO BASIC NEEDS OF CITIZENS. RESOURCE CENTER
BULLETIN SUMMER (8) 92 8 PAGES
GUATEMALA, 80-93 GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION/USA REPORT
"CONFRONTING THE HEART OF DARKNESS - AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON =
TORTURE
IN GUATEMALA." JUNE 93 99 PAGES
GUATEMALA, 86 ARBENZ'S GVT PERCEIVED AS THREAT TO US CORPORATE =
INTERESTS
AND SEC OF STATE FOSTER DULLES AND HIS BROTHER DCI ALLEN, BOTH WITH
LONG-STANDING LINKS TO UNITED FRUIT, OPENED BOTH A DIPLOMATIC AND =
COVERT
OFFENSIVE AGAINST ARBENZ. AFTER THE GVT OVERTHROWN ALL REFORMS WERE
DISMANTLED, AGRARIAN REFORM REVERSED, POPULAR ORGS WERE OUTLAWED, =
THEIR
LEADERS KILLED OR EXILED, THE CONSTITUTION WAS ABROGATED. NACLA =
(MAGAZINE
RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P4
COORDINATION
GUATEMALA, 53-54 THE OVERTHROW OF THE GUATEMALAN GVT WAS CONCEIVED =
AND
RUN BY THE GVT WITH UNITED FRUIT AND UNDER THE OVERALL DIRECTION OF =
SEC
STATE J.F. DULLES BACKED BY EISENHOWER. NA 10/28/78 COVER AND 439-44
GUATEMALA, 54 IN OVERTHROW EISENHOWER ENLISTED ALL AMBASSADORS IN =
THE
AREA, GAVE A ROLE TO USIS, AS WELL AS THE US ARMY AND NAVY AND THE =
CIA. HE
ASKED EVERY DICTATOR IN THE AREA; I.E., TRUJILLO, BATISTA, SOMOZA, =
JIMENEZ,
AND OTHERS IN HONDURAS AND EL SALVADOR TO JOIN A REGION-WIDE SEIGE. =
THE
NATION 10/28/78 P44O
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA AND USIA COOPERATED IN MEDIA BLITZ PRIOR TO COUP =
SEE
"MEDIA OPS GUATEMALA 54." SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER
FRUIT 167
GUATEMALA, 54 USIA PROPAGANDISTS WROTE MORE THAN 200 ARTICLES ABOUT
GUATEMALA BASED ON INFO FROM CIA SOURCES AND DISTRIBUTED THEM FOR =
ANONYMOUS
PLACEMENT IN SCORES OF LATIN NEWSPAPERS. USIA SHIPPED MORE THAN =
100,000
COPIES PAMPHLET CALLED "CHRONOLOGY OF COMMUNISM IN GUATEMALA" 27,000 =
COPIES
OF ANTI-COMMUNISM CARTOONS AND POSTERS WERE DISTRIBUTED. USIA PRODUCED =
3
MOVIES ON GUATEMALA. VARIOUS OTHER PRESS OPS DESCRIBED SCHLESINGER, =
S., & =20
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 167
GUATEMALA. USIA AKA USIS 54 MOBILIZED ALL RESOURCES SUPPORT =
OVERTHROW OP.
TRIED CONVINCE OAS THERE COMMUNIST THREAT. FLOODED CENTRAL AMER WITH
PAMPHLETS, TAPE RECORDINGS, PLANTED STORIES NEWSPAPERS AND RADIO =
PROGRAMS
ALL DESIGNED PROVE ARBENZ A COMMUNIST. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S =
SPIES
227
CORPORATE INTERESTS
53-61 DULLES'S MARK AS DCI CAN BE SEEN IN NUMBER OF OPS, BOTH =
SUCCESSFUL
- IRAN 53; COSTA RICA, 53; GUATEMALA, 54 - AND UNSUCCESSFUL - =
INDONESIA 58;
TIBET 58; CUBA 60-61. EACH OP FOLLOWED FAMILIAR PATTERN - REMOVAL OR
ATTEMPTED REMOVAL OF A GVT DEEMED INIMICAL TO U.S. INTERESTS AND ITS
REPLACEMENT BY ONE THAT MORE FRIENDLY. LOWENTHAL, M. (1992). THE =
WASHINGTON
PAPERS. U.S.INTELLIGENCE EVOLUTION AND ANATOMY 26
ACTION IN CHILE, CUBA, GUATEMALA, AND IRAN BASED ON THREAT OF
NATIONALIZATION SUBSIDIARIES OF MULTINATIONAL CORPS. PRADOS, J. =
(1986).
PRESIDENTS' SECRET WARS 316
CENTRAL AMERICA, 48-53 COMPANY PUBLISHED 4 NEWSPAPERS FOR UNITED =
FRUIT
WORKERS IN HONDURAS, COSTA RICA, GUATEMALA, AND PANAMA. UNITED FRUIT =
ALSO
SUPPORTED FOR MANY YEARS A PUBLICATION NAMED "LATIN AMERICA REPORT,"
PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM GAUDET - WHO A POSSIBLE AGENT FOR CIA AND WHO =
USED
PUBLICATION AS A CREDIBLE COVER FOR NUMEROUS COVERT MISSIONS. MCANN, =
T.
(1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 48
CENTRAL AMERICA, 50-60 SEE "MASTERMINDING THE MINI-MARKET U.S. AID =
TO THE
CENTRAL AMERICAN COMMON MARKET." GUA 86-103; "THE HARD LINE U.S. =
STRATEGY
FOR THE 1970'S." GUA 104-120; "EXTRACTING THE SURPLUS;" 121-131; "THE =
U.S.
INVESTMENT BUBBLE IN GUATEMALA," GUA 132-142; AND, "THE LARGEST U.S.
CORPORATIONS IN GUATEMALA." JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974).
GUATEMALA 167-174
FROM 53-77 THERE A LINK BETWEEN CIA AND THE FIRM OF SCHRODERS, LTD, =
AN
INVESTMENT BANK THAT HANDLED CIA FUNDS FOR COVERT OPS. BANK'S =
INTERESTS
OVERLAPPED WITH THOSE OF MANY-CIA INITIATED ACTIONS INCLUDING THE COUP =
IN
IRAN IN 53 THE 54 COUP IN GUATEMALA, AND THE BAY OF PIGS INVASION. =
NEW
TIMES 11/27/78 P24-5
GUATEMALA, 51-54 BERNAYS OF UNITED FRUIT DEVELOPED STRATEGY RE =
GUATEMALA
TO SELECT MOST INFLUENTIAL MEMBERS MEDIA, THE TIMES, SEVERAL OTHER =
PAPERS,
TWO OR THREE MAJOR NEWS MAGAZINES, WIRE SERVICES AND ELECTRONIC =
NETWORKS -
FOLLOWED BY A HIGH - LEVEL SATURATION CAMPAIGN TO EXPOSE MEDIA'S =
REPORTERS
TO COMPANY'S VERSION OF FACTS. CAMPAIGN INCLUDED GUIDED TOURS WITH UP =
TO 10
NEWSMEN PER JUNKET AT COMPANY EXPENSE. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN
COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 47
GUATEMALA, 51-54 BERNAYS WITH UNITED FRUIT BROUGHT GUATEMALA TO =
ATTENTION
OF NEW YORK TIMES PUBLISHER SULZBURGER WHO MADE AN INSPECTION TRIP TO
COUNTRY - WHILE ON TRIP A "COMMUNIST RIOT" TOOK PLACE. A PR COUP FOR
BERNAYS. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED
FRUIT 46
GUATEMALA, 52-54 DULLES BROTHERS ATTUNED TO AFFAIRS IN GUATEMALA DUE =
TO
INVOLVEMENT OF J. HENRY SCHRODER BANKING CORP IN DEVELOPMENT OF AREA.
EARLIER ACTION IN 36 WHEN ALLEN DULLES WAS GENERAL COUNSEL AND BOARD
MEMBER. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS 336
GUATEMALA, 52-54 IN 52-53 SPRUILE BRADEN, FORMER ASST SECRETARY OF =
STATE
FOR INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS AND A CONSULTANT FOR UNITED FRUIT, LED A =
CFR
STUDY GROUP ON LATIN AMERICA. IN 10/17/52 ADOLF BERLE RECORDED IN HIS =
DIARY
THAT THE U.S. SHOULD WELCOME THE OVERTHROW OF THE ARBENZ GVT. THE CFR
AGREED THE GVT WAS COMMUNIST. I AM WORKING WITH NELSON =
ROCKEFELLER...WHO
CAN WORK WITH GENERAL EISENHOWER. SHOUP, L. & MINTER, W. (1977). =
IMPERIAL
BRAIN TRUST 196
GUATEMALA, 52-54 JOHN MOORS CABOT, ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE FOR
INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS SET THE STAGE FOR JOHN FOSTER DULLES' =
RESOLUTION AT
THE CARACAS CONFERENCE AIMED AT GUATEMALA. IN 12/53 A REPORT BY THE
NATIONAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION'S COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL POLICY, WAS =
HEAD
BY FRANK ALTSCHUL, SECRETARY OF THE CFR. OF 12 PEOPLE INVOLVED IN =
DECISION
ON GUATEMALAN INTERVENTION, 8 WERE MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL ON FOREIGN
RELATIONS AT THE TIME OR JOINED THEREAFTER. OTHER THAN THOSE MENTIONED
THESE INCLUDE HENRY HOLLAND, WALTER BEDELL SMITH, AND HENRY CABOT =
LODGE.
SHOUP, L. & MINTER, W. (1977). IMPERIAL BRAIN TRUST 197-8
GUATEMALA, 53-54 ARBENZ BEGAN A HYDROELECTRIC PLAN TO OFFSET =
HEGEMONY OF
THE AMERICAN AND FOREIGN POWER COMPANY, A FOSTER DULLES CLIENT SINCE =
THE
TWENTIES. ZEMURRAY AT UNITED FRUIT BANKROLLED PUBLIC RELATIONS BARRAGE
USING EDWARD BERNAYS TO WHIP UP MEDIA PERSONNEL SUCH AS SELECTED
DELEGATIONS OF NEW YORK TIMES AND HERALD TRIBUNE. MASSACHUSETTS =
POLITICIANS
FROM HENRY CABOT LODGE TO JOHN MCCORMACK ACTED IN CONGRESS. TOMMY THE =
CORK
CORCORAN LOBBIED FOR ACTION. OTHER ZEMURRAY ACTIONS. HERSH, B. (1992). =
THE
OLD BOYS 338
GUATEMALA, 53-54 ARBENZ GVT BEGAN LEGAL EXPROPRIATION OF 178,000 =
ACRES OF
UNITED FRUIT COMPANY LAND. UF ASKED FOR 16 MILLION, ARBENZ OFFERED A
24-YEAR BOND VALUED AT $525,000. VALUE LOW AS IT BASED ON VALUE =
COMPANY HAD
PLACED ON PROPERTY FOR TAX PURPOSES. UF DISTRIBUTED SEVERAL HUNDRED =
COPIES
OF BOOK, REPORT ON NICARAGUA, THAT BEGAN: "A MOSCOW-DIRECTED COMMUNIST
CONSPIRACY IN CENTRAL AMERICA IS ONE OF SOVIET UNION'S MOST SUCCESSFUL
OPERATIONS OF INFILTRATION OUTSIDE OF IRON CURTAIN COUNTRIES." AUTHOR
REFUSED TO HAVE NAME ON BOOK. COPIES DISTRIBUTED TO EVERY MEMBER OF
CONGRESS WHO WOULD ACCEPT IT. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: =
THE
TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 49
GUATEMALA, 53-54 THRU UF'S POWERFUL FRIENDS IN GVT, STATE DEPT =
ISSUED A
TOUGH AIDE-MEMOIRE TO ARBENZ WHICH ASSERTED U.S. POSITION ON PRIVATE
PROPERTY AND CALLED FOR RETURN OF THE LAND. MCANN, T. (1976). AN =
AMERICAN
COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 59
GUATEMALA, 53-54 TIES OF THE COUNCIL OF FOREIGN RELATIONS (CFR) TO
INTERVENTION IN GUATEMALA STAND OUT AS WELL IN A TRIANGULAR =
RELATIONSHIP OF
INTERLOCKS AMONG GVT OFFICIALS INVOLVED, THE CFR, AND UNITED FRUIT =
COMPANY.
FUENTES, A FUTURE PRESIDENT RECORDED THAT HIS COOPERATION WAS SOUGHT =
BY
WALTER TURNBULL, A FORMER EXECUTIVE OF UNITED FRUIT, WHO CAME =
ACCOMPANIED
BY TWO CIA AGENTS. JOHN DULLES, WHILE AT SULLIVAN AND CROMWELL, HAD
REPRESENTED UNITED FRUIT IN NEGOTIATIONS WITH GUATEMALA SOME YEARS =
BEFORE.
JOHN CABOT'S BROTHER WAS A DIRECTOR AND FORMER PRESIDENT OF UNITED =
FRUIT.
SPRUILE BRADEN SERVED AS A UNITED FRUIT CONSULTANT. FORMER CIA =
DIRECTOR,
BEDELL SMITH, AFTER LEAVING GVT, BECAME A DIRECTOR OF UNITED FRUIT, AS =
DID
ROBERT HILL, A PARTICIPANT IN THE OP AS AMBASSADOR TO COSTA RICA. =
CFR'S
LINKS TO UNITED FRUIT SUBSTANTIAL. WHITNEY SHEPARDSON, ONE OF CFR'S =
MAIN
LEADERS, WAS AN OFFICER OF INTERNATIONAL RAILWAYS OF CENTRAL AMERICA, =
AN
AFFILIATE OF UNITED FRUIT. OTHERS NAMED. DOMHOFF, W. (1971). HIGHER
CIRCLES: THE GOVERNING CLASS IN AMERICA 198-9
GUATEMALA, 53-54 UNITED FRUIT'S PUBLICITY AND ADVERTISING DEPT HAD =
ONE
TASK - TO GET WORD OUT THAT A COMMUNIST BEACHHEAD HAD BEEN ESTABLISHED =
IN
OUR HEMISPHERE. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF
UNITED FRUIT 45
GUATEMALA, 53-60 UNITED FRUIT ARRANGED TOURS FOR PRESS WITHIN HOURS =
OF
EXPROPRIATION OF UF LAND. TOURS INCLUDED REPS OF TIME-LIFE, SEVERAL =
LARGE
DAILIES, NEWSWEEK AND THE WIRE SERVICES. AN AVALANCHE OF PUBLICITY =
FAVORING
UF FOLLOWED AFTER TRIP. UF DISTRIBUTED A CONFIDENTIAL GUATEMALAN =
NEWSLETTER
EACH WEEK TO A LIST OF 250 AMERICAN JOURNALISTS. NEWSLETTER LATER =
BROADENED
TO INCLUDE HONDURAS, COSTA RICA, AND PANAMA WHICH MEANT THAT FROM =
53-60 A
GREAT DEAL OF NEWS OF CENTRAL AMERICA IN NORTH AMERICAN PRESS WAS =
SUPPLIED,
EDITED AND SOMETIMES MADE BY UF'S PR DEPT. MCANN, T. (1976). AN =
AMERICAN
COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 59
GUATEMALA, 53-63 INFLUENTIAL PERSONS FRIENDLY TO OR EMPLOYED BY =
UNITED
FRUIT INCLUDED SENATOR ROBERT LA FOLLETTE FROM WISCONSIN, FORMER MASS
GOVERNOR CHRISTIAN HERTER, LATER SECRETARY OF STATE UNDER EISENHOWER;
FOSTER DULLES, GENERAL ROBERT CUTLER, WHO HEADED THE NATIONAL SECURITY
COUNCIL FOR A TIME. JOHN J. MCCLOY, BECAME A DIRECTOR OF COMPANY, =
ROBERT C.
HILL, FORMER AMBASSADOR TO MEXICO, COSTA RICA AND SALVADOR WHO BECAME =
A
DIRECTOR OF THE COMPANY. CHARLES MEYER ON BOARD OF UNITED FRUIT IN =
LATE
FIFTIES. HE LATER NAMED BY NIXON AS ASST. SECRETARY STATE FOR LATIN
AMERICAN AFFAIRS. JOHN MCCLINTOCK WAS UNITED FRUIT'S DIRECTOR OF PR.
SENATOR ALEXANDER WILEY, REPUBLICAN FROM WISCONSIN, WAS ON SENATE =
FOREIGN
RELATIONS COMMITTEE DURING GUATEMALAN EPISODE. WILEY A LEADING CRITIC =
OF
ARBENZ REGIME, DENOUNCED COMMUNISTS ON SENATE FLOOR. MCANN, T. (1976). =
AN
AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 55-57
GUATEMALA, 53 CIA WITH UNITED FRUIT ARMED SOME RIGHT WING ARMY =
OFFICERS.
OCCUPIED A TOWN BUT QUICKLY OVERCOME BY GVT FORCES. SCHLESINGER, S., & =
=20
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 103, 120
GUATEMALA, 54 ARBENZ A THREAT TO UNITED FRUIT. IS 217. LAWYER WHO
REPRESENTED SULLIVAN AND CROMWELL FOR UNITED FRUIT IN GUATEMALA WAS =
FOSTER
DULLES. IS 218 LIST OF MBRS EISENHOWER ADM WHO SUPPORTED UNITED FRUIT =
IN
GUATEMALA. IS 223 LOBBYIST FOR UNITED FRUIT INSTRUMENTAL IN DECISION =
TO
OVERTHROW ARBENZ. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S SPIES 224
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA OFFICIALS TRAVELED WITH UNITED BRANDS EXECUTIVES
LOOKING FOR SUITABLE REPLACEMENT FOR ARBENZ. THEY APPROACHED YDIGORAS =
WHO
SAID OFFICIAL OF UNITED FRUIT WITH TWO CIA OFFICERS. CONDITIONS WERE =
TO
FAVOR UNITED FRUIT AND INTERNATIONAL RAILWAYS OF CENTRAL AMERICA =
(OWNED BY
UF) TO DESTROY THE RAILROAD WORKERS LABOR UNION, ETC. KWITNY, J. =
(1984).
ENDLESS ENEMIES 225
GUATEMALA, 54 LAW FIRM SULLIVAN AND CROMWELL REPRESENTED UNITED =
FRUIT.
(BOTH DULLESS'S FROM SULLIVAN AND CROMWELL). IN EARLIER PLAN CIA =
PASSED
ARMS TO UNITED FRUIT. PRADOS, J. (1986). PRESIDENTS' SECRET WARS =
99-101
GUATEMALA 54 PERSONAL INTEREST OF EISENHOWER ADMIN OFFICIALS IN
GUATEMALAN COUP BECAUSE OF CORPORATE TRIES. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, =
S.
(1983). BITTER FRUIT 106-7
GUATEMALA, 54 U.S. COMPANIES MOVED BACK INTO GUATEMALA RIGHT AWAY. =
ARMAS
INTRODUCED INVESTMENT GUARANTEES AND UNITED FRUIT GOT BACK ITS =
PROPERTY.
RANELAGH, J. (1986). THE AGENCY 269
GUATEMALA 54 UNITED FRUIT AND CIA PLAN CALLED OPERATION FORTUNE. TO
SMUGGLE ARMS ON UNITED FRUIT BOATS TO ARBENZ OPPONENTS. STATE DEPT. =
BLOCKED
ATTEMPT. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 92-93
GUATEMALA, 54 UNITED FRUIT OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ A GODSEND IT GOT =
BACK ITS
LAND, LABOR REFORM REPEALED, WAGES CUT. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S =
SPIES
233
GUATEMALA, 54 UNITED FRUIT PROVIDED CIA ITS GUATEMALAN RAILROAD =
SYSTEM
TO SMUGGLE ARMS, ITS ATLANTIC PORT TO LAND EQUIPMENT, ITS TELEGRAPH,
TELEPHONE AND RADIO TO RELAY MESSAGES; ITS GUATEMALAN PROPERTIES TO =
GIVE
COVER TO REBELS ETC. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER =
FRUIT
171
GUATEMALA, 54 ADM-UNITED FRUIT CONNECTIONS STARTLING. IN ADDITION TO
ALLEN AND JOHN FOSTER DULLES, WHO HAD WORKED DIRECTLY FOR COMPANY, =
JOHN
MOORS CABOT WAS BROTHER OF THOMAS DUDLEY CABOT, FORMER PRESIDENT OF =
U.F.
SPUILLE BRADEN, WHOSE FAMILY OWNED BRADEN COPPER MINES IN CHILE, =
WORKED FOR
U.F. ON GUATEMALAN PROJECT. AS PRESIDENT OF WORLD BANK JOHN J. MCCLOY
REFUSED ARBENZ LOANS - LATER BECAME DIRECTOR OF U.F., AS DID WALTER =
BEDELL
SMITH. OTHER IN EISENHOWER ADM LINKED WITH BUSINESS INTERESTS IN =
GUATEMALA.
COOK, B. (1981). THE DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 228-9
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER CIA OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ GVT A LENGTHY REIGN OF =
TERROR
FOLLOWED. 70% OF PEOPLE DISENFRANCHISED WHICH DENIED ILLITERATES THE =
RIGHT
TO VOTE. LABOR AND UNION RIGHTS WERE REPEALED AND 800,000 ACRES LAND =
HANDED
BACK TO UNITED FRUIT. BLEDOWSKA, C., & BLOCH, J. (1987). KGB/CIA 59
GUATEMALA, 54 ARBENZ'S GVT PERCEIVED AS THREAT TO US CORPORATE =
INTERESTS
AND SEC OF STATE FOSTER DULLES AND HIS BROTHER DCI ALLEN, BOTH WITH
LONG-STANDING LINKS TO UNITED FRUIT, OPENED BOTH A DIPLOMATIC AND =
COVERT
OFFENSIVE AGAINST ARBENZ. AFTER THE GVT OVERTHROWN ALL REFORMS WERE
DISMANTLED, AGRARIAN REFORM REVERSED, POPULAR ORGS WERE OUTLAWED, =
THEIR
LEADERS KILLED OR EXILED, THE CONSTITUTION WAS ABROGATED. NACLA 2/83 =
P4. BY
79 193 US COMPANIES INVESTED IN THE COUNTRY WITH 52 OF THEM IN
AGRIBUSINESS. NACLA 2/83 P12. MANY US INVESTORS TOOK PART IN THE 54
INVASION AS PILOTS AND PLANNERS AND STAYED IN GUATEMALA CONSIDERING
THEMSELVES PART OF THE LOCAL RULING CLASS. BANK OF AMERICA ROLE IMPT. =
NACLA
(MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P23-4
GUATEMALA, 54 UNITED FRUIT EXECUTIVES ARROGANT AND DISHONEST. UFC A
CLIENT OF SULLIVAN AND CROMWELL, THE DULLES BROTHERS LAW FIRM. =
COPELAND, M.
(1989). THE GAME PLAYER 193
=20
COUNTERINSURGENCY
GUATEMALA, 63 GREEN BERETS ASSISTED IN MASSIVE CI CAMPAIGN THAT =
INCLUDED
ASSASSINATIONS, DEATH SQUADS, INTERROGATIONS, ETC. SCHLESINGER, S., & =
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 245-48
GUATEMALA. CIVIL DEFENSE CORPS. WHITE, R.A. (1984). THE MORASS 108-113
GUATEMALA. STRATEGIC HAMLETS. WHITE, R.A. (1984). THE MORASS 113-123
GUATEMALA, 62-67 IN 66 THE U.S. ESTABLISHED A MASSIVE CI PROGRAM =
WITH A
BASE IN IZABAL STAFFED BY SPECIAL FORCES. MODEL TAKEN FROM VIETNAM. IN =
66=20
GREEN BERETS ASSIGNED TO COUNTRY. APPROX 1,000 WITH SOME PUERTO RICAN =
AND
CUBAN EXILES WITH EXPERIENCE IN VN. U.S. MILITARY USED NAPALM ON =
VILLAGES,
"FREE BOMBING ZONES," SPECIALIZED FORMS OF TORTURE, CIVILIAN TERRORIST
GROUPS, PLUS EXTENSIVE PSYWAR OPS. "PILOT PLAN" IN IZABAL AND ZACAPA. =
AID
CONDUCTED "SOCIAL WORKS" -- SMALL NONSTRUCTURAL CHANGES INCLUDING =
HEALTH,
LITERACY AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, SCHOOL LUNCHES, WELLS, ACCESS =
ROADS,
COOPERATIVES, LEADERSHIP TRG., TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO PEASANTS AND =
THE
STRENGTHENING OF LOCAL GVT. MILITARY ASSUMED CIVILIAN POSITIONS. CIVIC
ACTION BOTH MILITARY AND CIVILIAN BECAME MODEL FOR DEVELOPMENT. POLICE
PROGRAM SPENT 6 MILLION SINCE 57 LAUNCHED MODEL PRECINCT PROGRAMS. =
SET UP
CRIME LABS AND COMMO CENTER, CONSTRUCTION OF $400,000 POLICE ACADEMY.
POLICE SENT FOR TRG IN RIOT CONTROL, FIREARMS, FINGERPRINTING, ETC. =
NACLA
(MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 3/74
GUATEMALA, 66-88 US MILITARY ADVISERS HELPED IN CI CAMPAIGN THAT
VIRTUALLY WIPED OUT 8000 PEASANT LIVES IN 2 YEARS. ALLOWED THE POLICE =
TO
DISMEMBER OPPOSITION NEWSPAPERS, THE UNIVERSITY AND POLITICAL ORGS. =
NACLA
(MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P8
GUATEMALA, SPECIAL FORCES. REVOLUTION IN 66 BROUGHT FULL-SCALE
COUNTERINSURGENCY TO. ARMS, ADVISORS AND GREEN BERETS. STATE DEPT =
STUDY
SAID: "TO ELIMINATE FEW HUNDRED GUERRILLAS, THE GVT KILLED PERHAPS =
10,000
PEASANTS." KWITNY, J. (1984). ENDLESS ENEMIES 233
ISRAEL RANKS AS FIFTH LARGEST EXPORTER OF ARMS IN WORLD, ACCORDING CIA
ESTIMATES, AND HAS BECOME ESSENTIAL ELEMENT GLOBAL CI BUSINESS. "HIT =
LISTS"
USED BY DEATH SQUADS IN GUATEMALA HAVE BEEN COMPUTERIZED WITH ISRAELI
ASSISTANCE AND UZI MACHINE GUNS THE STANDARD WEAPON OF DEATH SQUADS. =
COVERT
ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) SUMMER 88 5
COVER
CENTRAL AMERICA, 48-53 COMPANY PUBLISHED 4 NEWSPAPERS FOR UNITED =
FRUIT
WORKERS IN HONDURAS, COSTA RICA, GUATEMALA, AND PANAMA. UNITED FRUIT =
ALSO
SUPPORTED FOR MANY YEARS A PUBLICATION NAMED "LATIN AMERICA REPORT,"
PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM GAUDET - WHO A POSSIBLE AGENT FOR CIA AND WHO =
USED
PUBLICATION AS A CREDIBLE COVER FOR NUMEROUS COVERT MISSIONS. MCANN, =
T.
(1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 48
=20
COVERT A
50-74 DETAILS OF NEO-FASCIST AND NEO-NAZI TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS, =
ALL
OVER THE WORLD, CREATED AND FUNDED BY VATICAN AND CIA, BEGAN TO COME =
TO
LIGHT IN LATE 74. IN LISBON A COMMANDO UNIT OF PORTUGUESE MARINES =
BROKE
INTO OFFICES OF AGINTER-PRESS AND DISCOVERED ARCHIVES OF WHOLE VAST
APPARAT, GIVING DETAILS OF COUPS IN GREECE, ARGENTINA, CHILE, =
GUATEMALA,
AND OF THREE ATTEMPTED COUPS IN ITALY, ALL ORCHESTRATED BY THE =
VATICAN,
NATO, NIXON AND CIA. LIAISON BETWEEN ITALIANS AND AGINTER-PRESS HAD =
BEEN
STEFANI DELLE CHIAIE, WHOSE LINKS TO GELLI'S P2 WOULD SOON SURFACE,
REVEALING THE ENTIRE QUILTWORK OF THE CONSPIRACY. TOMPKINS, P. =
(UNPUBLISHED
MANUSCRIPT). STRATEGY OF TERROR 23-15
53-93 ARTICLE BY RICHARD FALK, "INTERVENTION REVISITED: HARD CHOICES =
AND
TRAGIC DILEMMAS." "INTERVENTION IS NEVER GOOD POLICY, NO MATTER HOW
APPEALING THE HUMANITARIAN CASE FOR IT." CIA COVERT OPS QUALIFY AS
INTERVENTIONS BECAUSE THEY INVOLVE USE OF INDIGENOUS MILITARY AND
PARAMILITARY FORCES AS AGENTS OF U.S. POLICY. CIA DID "SUCCEED" IN A =
NUMBER
OF CASES SUCH AS IRAN (53) AND GUATEMALA (54), WHERE IT DISPLACED
DEMOCRATIC AND PROGRESSIVE GVTS AND RESTORED REACTIONARY AND =
REPRESSIVE
ELITES. BASIC OBJECTION TO COVERT INTERVENTION IS ITS INHERENTLY
ANTIDEMOCRATIC CHARACTER AT BOTH ENDS, AND ITS UTILIZATION FOR ALMOST
EXCLUSIVELY REACTIONARY POLITICAL GOALS, A REFLECTION OF OUTLOOK THAT =
ONE
WOULD NATURALLY ASSOCIATE WITH A SECRET, PARAMILITARY BRANCH OF GVT =
GIVEN A
LARGE BUDGET AND THE WORLD AS A PLAYING FIELD. THE NATION 12/20/93 756
=20
BETWEEN 81-86 , CASEY GOT 25 TO 35% ANNUAL BUDGET INCREASES FOR CIA. =
UNDER
CASEY CIA INITIATED MORE THAN 50 MAJOR COVERT OPS ON EVERY CONTINENT. =
BY=20
84 THERE SOME 20 OPS IN AFRICA ALONE. AT PRESENT THERE MAJOR COVERT =
OPS IN
NICARAGUA, EL SALVADOR, HONDURAS, GUATEMALA, COSTA RICA, SURINAME, =
MEXICO,
AFGHANISTAN, IRAN, ETHIOPIA, LIBYA, CHAD, LEBANON, SEYCHELLES, SOUTH
AFRICA, MOZAMBIQUE, ANGOLA, ZAIRE, PHILIPPINES, VIETNAM, LAOS, AND =
OTHERS.
COVERT ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) SUMMER 87 28
CENTRAL AMERICA, 81-89 ISRAELI KNESSET MEMBER GEN. PELED SAID IN =
C.A.
ISRAEL IS THE `DIRTY WORK' CONTRACTOR FOR U.S. HELPED GUATEMALA REGIME =
WHEN
CONGRESS BLOCKED REAGAN ADM. ISRAELI FIRM TADIRAN (THEN PARTLY =
U.S.-OWNED)
SUPPLIED GUATEMALAN MILITARY WITH COMPUTERIZED INTEL SYSTEM TO TRACK
POTENTIAL SUBVERSIVES. THOSE ON COMPUTER LIST HAD AN EXCELLENT CHANCE =
OF
BEING "DISAPPEARED." IT "AN ARCHIVE AND COMPUTER FILE ON JOURNALISTS,
STUDENTS, LEADERS, LEFTISTS, POLITICIANS AND SO ON." COMPUTER SYSTEM =
MAKING
UP DEATH LISTS. COCKBURN, A. & COCKBURN, L. (1991). DANGEROUS LIAISON =
219
CIA HAS ANNOUNCED IT WILL DECLASSIFY THOUSANDS OF INTEL ESTIMATES AND
ANALYTICAL PAPERS, AND DISCLOSE MATERIAL RELATED TO DECADES-OLD COVERT =
OPS
IN FRANCE, ITALY, IRAN, GUATEMALA, NORTH KOREA, INDONESIA, LAOS, THE =
CONGO
AND THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. THE NATION 11/29/93 660
CIA OPS INCLUDE PROPAGANDA AND SUPPORT OF POLITICAL PARTIES, =
GUATEMALA,
CUBA, VIETNAM, AFRICA, SANTO DOMINGO. IN EARLY 80s ENGLAND, FRANCE AND =
U.S.
PLANNED TO TOPPLE QADDAFI OF LIBYA. CIA PULLED OUT OF OP AND DEMANDED =
IT
NOT PROCEED. QUIRK, J. (1986). THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY: A
PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY 154
CIA TO RELEASE ADDITIONAL USSR-RELATED STUDIES FROM 60s-70s, AS WELL =
AS
MAJOR CHUNKS OF ITS INFO ON BAY OF PIGS INVASION OF CUBA, 53 OVERTHROW =
OF
MOSSADEGH OF IRAN, AND 54 OVERTHROW OF GUATEMALA'S ARBENZ. WASHINGTON =
POST
10/1/93 A45
GUATEMALA, 54 U.S. HAD TO CONVINCE WORLD THAT COMMUNISM DOMINATED =
[ARBENZ
GVT], AND TO CONCEAL INTEREST OF UNITED FRUIT CO. COOK, B. (1981). THE
DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 229
GUATEMALA, IRAN, 53-54 FROM OPA-LOCKA FLORIDA CIA RUNNING =
AIRLIFTS TO
HONDURAS WHERE CASTILLO ARMAS SMALL BAND, NEVER MORE THAN 140 MEN, =
WERE
BEING TRAINED. IN ONE RESPECT CIA PLANNED TO DUPLICATE THE TECHNIQUE =
USED
IN IRAN:PSYCHOLOGICALLY PREPARING THE MINDS OF THE TARGET GVT AND =
PEOPLE,
THEN A SUDDEN SHOW OF APPARENTLY MASSIVE FORCE. A CIA STAFF OFFICER,
DOCUMENTED AND DISGUISED AS A EUROPEAN BUSINESSMAN ACHIEVED THE =
DEFECTION
OF A SENIOR OFFICER ON ARBENZ'S STAFF. THRU HIM HAD UP-TO-MINUTE =
INTEL.
AFTER WARNING THE PEOPLE, FIGHTER AIRCRAFT MADE LOW LEVEL STRAFFING =
RUNS ON
GUATEMALA CITY AND DROPPED RELATIVELY HARMLESS SMOKE BOMBS. FROM =
HONDURAS A
POWERFUL TRANSMITTER OVERRODE THE NATIONAL RADIO, BROADCASTING =
MESSAGES TO
CONFUSE AND DIVIDE THE POPULATION. HUNT, H.J. (1974). UNDERCOVER =
99-100
ISRAEL, THIRD WORLD. FROM 73-88 ISRAEL HAS BECOME FULL-FLEDGED COVERT
PARTNER U.S. IN THIRD WORLD. ISRAEL HAS SUPPLIED TRAINING AND WEAPONS =
TO
CHILE, EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA, HAITI, SOUTH AFRICA AND NICARAGUAN =
CONTRAS,
FOR EXAMPLE. COVERT ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) SUMMER 88 =
46
JACK ANDERSON REPORTS CIA OPS OF SENDING ARMS TO REBELS IN =
AFGHANISTAN;
SUPPORTING EGYPT AND TURKEY IN OPS AGAINST IRAN; BACKING THE POL POT =
FORCES
IN CAMBODIA; TRAINING CUBAN ASSASSINATION SQUADS IN GUATEMALA AND =
WORKING
WITH ISRAEL TO DISRUPT THE PLO. WP 8/27/81 FROM PARAPOLITICS/USA =
10/31/81
P7
MCGEORGE BUNDY NOTED: "THE DISMAL HISTORICAL RECORD OF COVERT MILITARY =
AND
PARAMILITARY OPERATIONS OVER PAST 25 YEARS IS ENTIRELY CLEAR." AS NSC
ADVISER TO KENNEDY AND JOHNSON HE HAS SOME BASIS FOR OBSERVATION. PSW =
403.
A REVIEW OF COVERT ACTION OPS FROM NORTH KOREA, NVN, IRAN, GUATEMALA, =
CUBA,
DENIED AREAS, ETC. "MOST PARAMILITARY OPS UNALLOYED FAILURES, PERHAPS
EXCEPTING CONGO. LEDGER FAILURES INCLUDES ALBANIA, ANGOLA, KURDS, =
TRACK II
FAILED IN CHILE, NICARAGUA IN DOUBT, ETC. PRADOS, J. (1986). =
PRESIDENTS'
SECRET WARS 402-6
NICARAGUA, GUATEMALA, 82 NSC DOCUMENT PUBLISHED BY NEW YORK TIMES
STATES: IN NICARAGUA, THE SANDINISTAS ARE UNDER INCREASED PRESSURE AS
RESULT OF OUR COVERT EFFORTS. SIGNIFICANT COVERT EFFORT HAD BEEN =
APPROVED
BY NATIONAL SECURITY DIRECTIVE 17 IN NOVEMBER, 1981. DOCUMENT ALSO
RECOMMENDED CIA BE AUTHORIZED BEGIN ARMS INTERDICTION PROGRAM IN =
GUATEMALA.
AUTHENTICITY OF DOCUMENT CONFIRMED BY OFFICIALS AND FBI INVESTIGATION =
ITS
DISCLOSURE. IN NEWS CONFERENCE, PRESIDENT REAGAN CONFIRMED US =
PROVIDING
SUPPORT TO NICARAGUAN EXILES CONDUCTING PARAMILITARY ACTIVITIES IN
NICARAGUA BUT SOLE PURPOSE TO HELP STOP FLOW OF ARMS TO EL SALVADOR. =
FIRST
PRINCIPLES 5/83 P8
NSC 5412 OF 15 MARCH 54 WAS ALL-INCLUSIVE. SECRET, COSTLY. =
WORLDWIDE. "TO
COUNTER ANY THREAT OF A PARTY OR INDIVIDUAL DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY
RESPONSIVE" TO COMMUNISM IN A FREE-WORLD COUNTRY. ELECTIONS IN ITALY, =
WEST
GERMANY, FRANCE. "TO DEVELOP UNDERGROUND RESISTANCE...AND GUERRILLA =
OPS.
VIETNAM, LAOS THE CONGO, IRAN, GUATEMALA, CUBA. COOK, B. (1981). THE
DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 183
OVERVIEW OF C.A. SINCE WWII. PARAMILITARY OPS: BAY OF PIGS CUBA, 61 =
-
ATTEMPTS TO OVERTHROW COMMUNIST REGIMES IN ALBANIA, POLAND, AND THE =
SOVIET
UKRAINE - ALL FAILED. OVERTHROW OF GVT OF ARBENZ IN GUATEMALA IN 54 =
IN=20
63 CIA SUCCESSFUL IN OP TO OVERTHROW JUAN BOSH IN DOMINICAN REPUBLIC =
AND
CARLOS AROSEMENA IN ECUADOR. OP TO SUPPORT REVOLT AGAINST PRESIDENT =
SUKARNO
OF INDONESIA IN 58 FAILED. TWENTIETH CENTURY FUND. (1992). THE NEED =
TO
KNOW: COVERT ACTION AND AMERICAN DEMOCRACY 81-2
=20
DEATH SQUADS
EL SALVADOR. FORMER S.F. POLICE OFFICER ACCUSED OF ILLEGAL SPYING SAID =
HE
WORKED FOR CIA AND WILL EXPOSE CIA'S SUPPORT OF DEATH SQUADS IF HE
PROSECUTED. TOM GERARD SAID HE BEGAN WORKING FOR CIA IN 82 AND QUIT =
IN=20
85 BECAUSE HE COULD NOT TOLERATE WHAT HE SAW. HE AND ROY BULLOCK ARE
SUSPECTED OF GATHERING INFO FROM POLICE AND GVT FILES ON THOUSANDS OF
INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS. INFO PROBABLY ENDED UP WITH B'NAI B'RITH AND =
ADL.
CIA REFUSED TO CONFIRM GERARD'S CLAIM. GERARD SAID THERE IS PROOF CIA
DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN TRAINING AND SUPPORT OF TORTURE AND DEATH SQUADS =
IN EL
SALVADOR, HONDURAS, AND GUATEMALA DURING MID 80Ss. PROOF IN HIS =
BRIEFCASE
S.F. POLICE SEIZED. GERARD SAID SEVERAL PHOTOS SEIZED BY POLICE SHOW =
CIA
AGENTS ATTENDING INTERROGATIONS, OR POSING WITH DEATH SQUAD MEMBERS.
WASHINGTON TIMES 4/28/93 A6
GUATEMALA, 60-90 HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS SAY AT LEAST 40,000 =
GUATEMALANS
"DISAPPEARED" IN LAST 3 DECADES. MOST WERE POOR INDIANS. =
ANTHROPOLOGISTS,
LED BY CLYDE SNOW, DUG AWAY AT A VILLAGE SITE. MARIA LOPEZ HAD A =
HUSBAND
AND A SON IN ONE GRAVE. SHE SAID ON MORNING OF VALENTINE'S DAY 82, =
MEMBERS
OF ANTI-GUERRILLA MILITIA TOOK HER HUSBAND AND OTHERS. THEY HAD =
REFUSED TO
JOIN MILITIAS KNOWN AS CIVIL SELF-DEFENSE PATROLS AND WERE KILLED. SIX
KNOWN CLANDESTINE GRAVES IN SAN JOSE PACHO. HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS BLAME =
MOST
DISAPPEARANCES ON ARMY-RUN CIVIL SELF-DEFENSE PATROLS SET UP UNDER
PRESIDENCIES OF GEN LUCAS GARCIA AND BRIG. GEN. RIOS MONTT. THERE ARE
HUNDREDS OF CLANDESTINE GRAVES FILLED WITH VICTIMS OF THE MILITIAS,
RIGHT-WING DEATH SQUADS AND BRUTAL COUNTERINSURGENCY CAMPAIGNS. =
WASHINGTON
TIMES 8/5/92 A9
GUATEMALA, 89 25 STUDENTS IN TWO YEARS KILLED BY SQUADS. ENTIRE
UNIVERSITY STUDENT ASSOCIATION HAS BEEN SILENCED. U.S. BACKED GVTS IN
VIRTUAL GENOCIDE HAVE MORE THAN 150,000 VICTIMS. AI CALLED THIS =
GENOCIDE A
"GVT PROGRAM OF POLITICAL MURDER." THE NATION 3/5/90 COVER, 308
GUATEMALA, 91-94 STATE DEPT REPORTED IN 91, THAT "MILITARY, CIVIL =
PATROLS
AND POLICE CONTINUED TO COMMIT A MAJORITY OF MAJOR HUMAN RIGHTS =
ABUSES,
INCLUDING EXTRAJURIDICIAL KILLINGS TORTURE AND DISAPPEARANCES." =
GUATEMALAN
COUNTERINSURGENCY CAMPAIGN DEVISED BY U.S. CI EXPERTS CAESAR SERESERES =
AND
COLONEL GEORGE MINAS. FORMER SERVED AS A CONSULTANT TO RAND CORP AND =
STATE
DEPT'S OFFICE OF POLICY PLANNING. MINAS SERVED AS MILITARY ATTACHE IN
GUATEMALA IN EARLY 80s. BOTH ENCOURAGED POPULATION CONTROL SUCH AS
VIETNAM-STYLE MILITARY-CONTROLLED STRATEGIC HAMLETS AND CIVILIAN =
DEFENSE
PATROLS. TODAY GUATEMALA IS LARGEST WAREHOUSE FOR COCAINE =
TRANSHIPMENTS TO
U.S. DRUG TRADE RUN BY MILITARY WHICH TRIES TO BLAME THE LEFTISTS. =
COVERT
ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) SPRING 94 28-33
=20
CENTRAL AMERICA, 81-87 DEATH TOLL UNDER REAGAN IN EL SALVADOR =
PASSED
50,000 AND IN GUATEMALA IT MAY APPROACH 100,000. IN NICARAGUA 11,000
CIVILIANS KILLED BY 1968. DEATH TOLL IN REGION 150,000 OR MORE. =
CHOMSKY, N.
(1988). THE CULTURE OF TERRORISM 29
CIA SET UP ANSESAL AND OTHER NETWORKS OF TERROR IN EL SALVADOR, =
GUATEMALA
(ANSEGAT) AND PRE-SANDINISTA NICARAGUA (ANSENIC). THE CIA CREATED,
STRUCTURED AND TRAINED SECRET POLICE IN SOUTH KOREA, IRAN, CHILE AND
URUGUAY, AND ELSEWHERE - ORGANIZATIONS RESPONSIBLE FOR UNTOLD =
THOUSANDS OF
TORTURES, DISAPPEARANCES, AND DEATHS. SPARK 4/85 P2-4
GUATEMALA, 53-84 FOR 30 YEARS THE CIA HAS BEEN BANKROLLING A MAN =
REPORTED
TO BE BEHIND RIGHT-WING TERROR IN CENTRAL AMERICA. THE CIA'S PROTEGE, =
MARIO
SANDOVAL ALARCON, FORMER V.P. OF GUATEMALA, NOW HEADS THE NATIONAL
LIBERATION MOVEMENT (NLM) FOUNDED IN 53 BY CIA AS A PARAMILITARY FORCE =
TO
OVERTHROW ARBENZ. BY MID-60S SANDOVAL EMERGED AS HEAD OF THE ORG. THE =
WHITE
HAND OR LA MANO BLANCO WITH CLOSE TIES TO THE NLM WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR =
AS
MANY AS 8000 DEATHS IN THE 60S PLUS MORE IN THE 70S. SANDOVAL A PILLAR =
OF
THE WORLD ANTI-COMMUNIST LEAGUE. THE CIA STILL FUNDS SANDOVAL. JA
WASHINGTON POST1 1/30/84
GUATEMALA, 54-76 EFFECT OF CIA COUP ORGANIZED LABOR ALL BUT WIPED =
OUT.
UNION MEMBERSHIP DROPPED 100,000 TO 27,000 IMMEDIATELY AND CONTINUED
DECLINE THEREAFTER, IN PART DUE TO DEATH SQUAD ACTIVITY. BARRY, T., & =
PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD IN CENTRAL AMERICA 21
GUATEMALA. POLICE TRAINED BY AID PUBLIC SAFETY PROGRAM MURDERED OR
DISAPPEARED 15,000 PEOPLE. LERNOUX, P. (1982). CRY OF THE PEOPLE 186
GUATEMALA, 70-72 UNDER ARANA PRESIDENCY, WITH MARIO SANDOVAL =
ALARCON AND
OTHERS INVOLVED IN RIGHT-WING TERRORISM, ARANA UNLEASHED ONE OF THE =
MOST
GRUESOME SLAUGHTERS IN RECENT LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY (ONLY IN CHILE,
FOLLOWING THE COUP AGAINST ALLENDE WAS THE DEGREE OF VIOLENCE =
GREATER). THE
NYT REPORTED IN JUNE 71 THAT AT LEAST 2000 GUATEMALANS WERE =
ASSASSINATED
BETWEEN 11/70 AND 5/71; MOST CORPSES SHOWED SIGNS OF TORTURE. MOST OF
KILLING ATTRIBUTED TO THE OFFICIALLY SUPPORTED TERRORIST ORGS OJO POR =
OJO
(AN EYE FOR AN EYE) AND MANO BLANCA. JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). =
(1974).
GUATEMALA 202-3
GUATEMALA, 70-87 VIOLENCE BY SECURITY FORCES ORGANIZED BY CIA, =
TRAINED
IN TORTURE BY ADVISORS FROM ARGENTINA, CHILE. SUPPORTED BY WEAPON, =
COMPUTER
EXPERTS FROM ISRAEL. MARSHALL, J., SCOTT P.D., & HUNTER, J. (1987). =
THE
IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 133
GUATEMALA. TRAINED 60-82 MILITARY DEATH SQUADS WHO USED "TERROR =
TACTICS"
FROM KILLING TO INDISCRIMINATE NAPALMING OF VILLAGES. SPECIAL FORCES =
ALMOST
CERTAINLY PARTICIPATED IN OPS DESPITE CONGRESSIONAL PROHIBITION. =
MARSHALL,
J., SCOTT P.D., & HUNTER, J. (1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 193
GUATEMALA, 54 THE US AMBASSADOR, AFTER OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ GVT, =
GAVE
LISTS TO ARMAS OF RADICAL OPPONENTS TO BE ELIMINATED. NACLA (MAGAZINE =
RE
LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P4
GUATEMALA, 85 THE WORLD ANTI-COMMUNIST LEAGUE'S POINT MAN, MARIO =
SANDOVAL
ALARCON, REMAINS A LEAGUE MEMBER EVEN AFTER EXPOSED AS A DEATH SQUAD
PATRIARCH WHO WAS ON THE CIA PAYROLL. JA WASHINGTON POST8 8/9/86
GUATEMALA, CIRCA 68-70 U.S. CI PROGRAM TURNED AREA INTO BLOODY WAR =
ZONE
TAKING THE LIVES OF THOUSANDS OF PEASANTS. FORMED MANO BLANCA OR WHITE
HAND. PLAN USED THRUOUT COUNTRY IN 70 NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN =
AMERICA)
3/74 P19
ISRAEL RANKS AS FIFTH LARGEST EXPORTER OF ARMS IN WORLD, ACCORDING CIA
ESTIMATES, AND HAS BECOME ESSENTIAL ELEMENT GLOBAL CI BUSINESS. "HIT =
LISTS"
USED BY DEATH SQUADS IN GUATEMALA HAVE BEEN COMPUTERIZED WITH ISRAELI
ASSISTANCE AND UZI MACHINE GUNS THE STANDARD WEAPON OF DEATH SQUADS. =
COVERT
ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) SUMMER 88 5
LATIN AMERICA. CIA ORGANIZES RIGHT WING TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS THAT =
ATTACK
AND ASSASSINATE LEFTIST POLITICIANS AND OTHERS WITHOUT IMPLICATING =
FOREIGN
GOV'S. GROUPS INCLUDE "LA MANO BLANCO" & "OJO POR OJO" (GUATEMALA), =
"LA
BANDA" (DOMINICAN REPUBLIC), & "DEATH SQUAD" (BRAZIL). COUNTERSPY 3/73 =
4
LATIN AMERICA. CIA TRAINED ASSASSINATION GROUPS SUCH AS HALCONES IN =
MEXICO,
THE MANO BLANCA IN GUATEMALA, AND THE ESCUADRON DE LA MUERTE IN =
BRAZIL.
NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 8/74 P11
DECEPTION
GUATEMALA 54 WELL-ORGANIZED RUMOR MILL USED IN OP SUCCESS. AMERICANS =
IN
CONTACT U.S. EMBASSY, AS WELL AS EMBASSY EMPLOYEES, BENIGNLY ASKED
GUATEMALAN FRIENDS IF IT TRUE THAT CRUISERS AND AIRCRAFT CARRIERS HAD
ANCHORED OFF COAST OR THAT PARATROOPERS HAD LANDED IN NORTH. RUMORS =
CAME
BACK WITHIN HOURS TO THE PEOPLE WHO HAD STARTED THEM, NEARLY ALWAYS
EXPANDED TO LUDICROUS PROPORTIONS. DL 236 FROM SCHLESINGER, S., & =
KINZER,
S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 192-93
GUATEMALA, 51-54 BERNAYS WITH UNITED FRUIT BROUGHT GUATEMALA TO =
ATTENTION
OF NEW YORK TIMES PUBLISHER SULZBURGER WHO MADE AN INSPECTION TRIP TO
COUNTRY - WHILE ON TRIP A "COMMUNIST RIOT" TOOK PLACE. A PR COUP FOR
BERNAYS. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED
FRUIT 46
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER A GUATEMALAN FIGHTER PILOT DEFECTED IN 1954, CIA
AGENTS GOT HIM DRUNK SO HE WOULD CALL ON FORMER COLLEAGUES TO DEFECT. =
PILOT
REFUSED AT FIRST, BUT THEN OBLIGED WHEN CIA TOLD HIM TO ACT OUT KIND =
OF
SPEECH HE WOULD MAKE IF HE HAD NO RELATIVES IN GUAT. CIA BROADCASTED
RECORDING FROM VOICE OF LIBERATION, A REBEL STATION OPERATING OUT OF
HONDURAS. GUATEMALANS PROMPTLY GROUNDED THEIR AIR FORCE. WYDEN, P. =
(1979).
BAY OF PIGS THE UNTOLD STORY 21
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA'S "VOICE OF LIBERATION" RADIO OPERATORS SNUGGLED =
UP TO
FREQUENCIES GUATEMALAN RADIO STATIONS AND SPOOFED MILITARY SIGNALS,
SKILLFULLY PAINTED A PICTURE OF WAR AND UPHEAVAL. FABRICATED REPORTS =
OF
LARGE TROOP MOVEMENTS, FEARSOME BATTLES, MAJOR GUATEMALAN DEFEATS AND
GROWING REBEL STRENGTH FRIGHTENING AN ALREADY CONFUSED AND =
DISHEARTENED
PEOPLE. DL 234 FROM SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT =
184-85
GUATEMALA, 54 COMMUNISM USED AS TOOL TO RALLY CENTRAL AMERICAN =
SUPPORT
AND AS AN EXCUSE TO OVERTHROW NATIONALIST, ANTI-IMPERIALIST GVT OF =
ARBENZ.
A.A. BERLE SENT OUTLINE PLAN FOR OVERTHROW OF GVT. COOK, B. (1981). =
THE
DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 230-234
GUATEMALA, 54 FINAL OPS NEEDED ONE USEABLE GUATEMALAN DEFECTOR AND =
ONE
REASONABLE PRETEXT. CIA OFFICER DEFECTED SENIOR OFFICER ON ARBENZ'S =
STAFF.
HE SUPPLIED MILITARY INFO AND "CONFIRMED ARRIVAL OF CZECH MUNITIONS =
SHIP."
ARRIVAL OF ALFHEM, CARRYING ARMS WAS LONG AWAITED PRETEXT. U.S. PUBLIC
RELATIONS FLOP. COOK, B. (1981). THE DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 266-268
GUATEMALA, 54 PLAN ONE PART MILITARY ACTION AND NINE PARTS =
PROPAGANDA AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE. POWERS, T. (1979). THE MAN WHO KEPT THE SECRETS
86-8
GUATEMALA, 54 THE DOS PROTEST IN 5/54 THAT A CZECH ARMS SHIPMENT WAS =
ON
ITS WAY TO PUERTO BARRIOS WAS JUST A PSYWAR PLOY. JEFFREYS-JONES, R.
(1989). THE CIA & AMERICAN DEMOCRACY 91
HONDURAS, GUATEMALA, 54 ON 22 JUN 54, GUA. REBEL P-47 BOMBED =
HONDURAN
BORDER TOWN OF SAN PEDRO DE COPAN. SEC. DULLES ANNOUNCED GOV. OF =
GUATEMALA
WAS RESPONSIBLE. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 340
NICARAGUA, GUATEMALA, 54 IN EFFORT TO DEMONSTRATE SOVIET ARMING OF
GUATEMALA, CIA PLANTED SOVIET MARKED ARMS CACHE ON NICARAGUA'S PACIFIC
COAST IN MAY 54. SOMOZA FLAUNTED "DISCOVERY" FOR PRESS. GLIEJESES, P.
(1991). SHATTERED HOPE 294
FROM 50-59 CIA DURING DULLES ERA TOPPLED ONLY 2 GVTS-- IRAN AND
GUATEMALA. CLINE, R.S. (1976). SECRETS, SPIES, AND SCHOLARS 133
DOMESTIC. EISENHOWER LIED RE U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN GUATEMALAN COUP 54 =
ABOUT
CIA'S SUPPORT REBELLION INDONESIA 58 AND GARY POWERS 60 U-2 =
MISSION.
KENNEDY LIED ABOUT CIA'S ROLE AT BAY OF PIGS 61 JOHNSON ADM LIED =
ABOUT
EXTENT OPS IN VIETNAM AND LAOS NIXON LIED ABOUT CIA'S ROLE IN CHILE =
70=20
FOR ADHERENTS CULT OF INTEL, HYPOCRISY, DECEPTION, LIKE SECRECY, ARE
STANDARD TO PREVENT PUBLIC AWARENESS CIA OPS. MARCHETTI, V., & MARKS, =
J.D.
(1974). THE CIA AND THE CULT OF INTELLIGENCE 6
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER CIA COUP, TO PROVE ARBENZ A COMMUNIST, CIA TOOK
NEWSMEN ON TOUR OF HIS HOUSE WHERE THEY FOUND SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS =
OBVIOUSLY
PRINTED IN THE USSR. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER =
FRUIT
220
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA FABRICATED AN INCIDENT THAT COULD BE USED TO =
JUSTIFY
MILITARY INTERVENTION. PILOT SENT TO DROP SEVERAL BOMBS AROUND A =
HONDURAN
AIRSTRIP NEAR BORDER SO HONDURANS COULD CLAIM THEY ATTACKED BY ARBENZ.
HONDURAS WOULD THEN CALL FOR HELP FROM OAS. PLOT BADLY HANDLED AND DID =
NOT
WORK. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 175
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA LAUNCHED CLANDESTINE RADIO CAMPAIGN 7 WEEKS =
BEFORE
INVASION. TRAINED 3 GUATEMALANS AT OPA-LOCKA IN CLASSIC =
DISINFORMATION.
STATION CALLED VOICE OF LIBERATION. THEME OF BROADCASTS WAS ARBENZ =
SECRETLY
PLANNING TO DISBAND ARMED FORCES AND REPLACE THEM WITH PEOPLES =
MILITIA. CIA
LEAFLETS CARRIED SAME MESSAGE. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). =
BITTER
FRUIT 168
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA LEAFLETS DROPPED IN GUATEMALA WARNED OF A SECRET =
PLAN
BY PRES. ARBENZ TO REPLACE MILITARY WITH A CITIZENS FORCES (OR =
MILITIA).
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 8
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA-BACKED BROADCASTS FABRICATED REPORTS OF LARGE =
TROOP
MOVEMENTS, FEARSOME BATTLES, MAJOR GUATEMALAN DEFEATS AND GROWING =
REBEL
STRENGTH. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 185, 192
GUATEMALA, 54 RUMORS FLOATED THAT LARGE LABOR CONFEDERATIONS, THE =
RURAL
UNION CNGG, HAD SENT TELEGRAMS TO PROVINCIAL AFFILIATES TELLING THEM =
TO
PREPARE FIGHT ENEMY. OPS RAISED SPECTER OF A "PEOPLES MILITIA."
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 165
GUATEMALA, 54 SMALL CIA AIR FORCE OF P-47 THUNDERBOLTS BOMBED =
GUATEMALA,
AMBASSADOR TO UN CATEGORICALLY DENIED U.S. INVOLVEMENT COUP. WISE, D.
(1973). THE POLITICS OF LYING 51
GUATEMALA, DOMESTIC OP, 54 NEWSMEN AFTER COUP BROUGHT TO ARBENZ'S =
HOME
AND SHOWN STACKS OF SOVIET TEXTBOOK AND OTHER EVIDENCE ARBENZ'S =
COMMUNIST
STOOGE ROLE. BUT NYT REPORTER DECIDED EVIDENCE PLANTED. BUT TIME =
MAGAZINE
REPORTED IT. KWITNY, J. (1984). ENDLESS ENEMIES 227
MEMBERS CULT OF INTEL, HAVE LIED TO PROTECT THE CIA AND TO HIDE THEIR =
OWN
RESPONSIBILITY FOR OPS. EISENHOWER ADM LIED TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE =
ABOUT
CIA INVOLVEMENT IN GUATEMALA COUP, ABOUT AGENCY'S SUPPORT FOR =
UNSUCCESSFUL
REBELLION IN INDONESIA, ABOUT GARY POWER'S U-2 MISSION. KENNEDY ADM =
LIED
ABOUT BAY OF PIGS, JOHNSON ADM LIED ABOUT VIETNAM AND LAOS. NIXON
ADMINISTRATION ADM LIED ABOUT CHILEAN OVERTHROW. MARCHETTI, V., & =
MARKS,
J.D. (1974). THE CIA AND THE CULT OF INTELLIGENCE 5
DOCUMENT
GUATEMALA, 54 HOWARD HUNT ISSUED FALSE DOCUMENTS. SCHLESINGER, S., =
& =20
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 114
GUATEMALA, CIRCA 54 FOR HIS ASSIGNMENT TO THE CENTRAL COVER =
DIVISION
PROVIDED H. HUNT WITH DOCUMENTATION IN ALIAS, AUTHENTIC BUT =
NON-FUNCTIONAL
CREDIT CARDS, BANK REFERENCES AND THE LIKE. HUNT, H.J. (1974). =
UNDERCOVER
97
DOMESTIC OP
CENTRAL AMERICA, 83-84 TEXT OF AN NSC DOC "U.S. POLICY IN C.A. AND =
CUBA
THROUGH F.Y.84, SUMMARY PAPER," ON A MEETING OF THE NSC PLANNING GROUP
4/82. DOC CALLS FOR KEEPING THE NICARAGUAN GVT FROM "EXPORTING =
REVOLUTION,"
AND TO STRENGTHEN PRO-U.S. ELEMENTS IN EL SALVADOR AND GUATEMALA. IT
APPROVES THE BEGINNING OF COVERT OPS IN GUATEMALA AGAINST ANTI-GVT =
FORCES
AND AN EFFORT TO KEEP MEXICO "ISOLATED" FROM C.A. ISSUES. GROUP =
DISCUSSED
MAKING CONCERTED EFFORT TO INCREASE FACTIONAL STRIFE AMONG GUERRILLA =
GROUPS
AND THEIR POLITICAL ALLIES IN EL SALVADOR. PROPOSED STEPPING UP =
EFFORTS TO
COOPT CONGRESSIONAL EFFORTS TO LINK APPROVAL OF AID TO PROMOTION OF =
TALKS
BETWEEN WARRING SIDES IN C.A. NEW YORK TIMES 4/7/83 A1,16
=20
GEORGE BUSH'S SECOND ELDEST SON, JOHN ELLIS OR JEB, ALSO LINKED TO
CLANDESTINE SCHEMES IN SUPPORT OF CONTRAS. JEB ACTED AS REAGAN ADM'S
UNOFFICIAL LINK WITH CONTRAS AND NICARAGUAN EXILES IN MIAMI. JEB =
HELPED
RIGHT-WING GUATEMALAN POLITICIAN DR. MARIO CASTEJON GET IN CONTACT =
WITH
OLIVER NORTH RE VARIOUS PROJECTS. CASTEJON PROPOSAL RE MEDICAL AID =
PROJECT
FOR CONTRAS. CASTEJON PROPOSAL TO TGS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED IN =
VIRGINIA.
WHALEY SAID HE SENT REPORT TO TGS SO IT WOULD BE QUIETLY FORWARDED TO =
CIA.
TGS INTERNATIONAL OWNED BY TED SHACKLEY. JEB INVOLVED WITH MIGUEL =
RECAREY,
JR, A RIGHT-WING CUBAN WHO HEADED INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CENTERS (IMC) =
IN
MIAMI. HHS MEDICARE FRAUD INSPECTOR CHARGED IMC USED MEDICARE FUNDS TO
TREAT WOUNDED CONTRAS AT ITS HOSPITAL. TRANSACTION ARRANGED BY IMC =
OFFICIAL
JOSE BASULTO, A RIGHT-WING CUBAN TRAINED BY CIA. RECAREY EMBEZZLING
MEDICARE FUNDS. RECAREY HAS LINKS TO MAFIA - INFO RE SANTOS =
TRAFFICANTE.
RECAREY FLED U.S. IN 87 TO AVOID FEDERAL INDICTMENT. JEB BUSH ALSO =
LINKED
TO LEONEL MARTINEZ, MIAMI-BASED CUBAN-AMERICAN DRUG TRAFFICKER WHO =
LINKED
TO EDEN PASTORA. DETAILS RE MARTINEZ'S DEALS. TIES TO BCCI, ETC. =
COVERT
ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) SUMMER 92 54-58
GUATEMALA, 54 JOHN PUERIFOY TOLD "TIME" MAGAZINE REPORTER "PUBLIC
OPINION" IN U.S. MIGHT FORCE ACTIONS TO PREVENT GUATEMALA FALLING INTO =
LAP
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISM. PRES. EISENHOWER TALKED ABOUT EVIDENCE AGENTS
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISM BUT LITTLE EVIDENCE. PRADOS, J. (1986). =
PRESIDENTS'
SECRET WARS 102
GUATEMALA, 54 NATIONAL GUARD UNITS IN DEEP SOUTH LOANED PLANES TO =
CIA
WHICH IN TURN RENTED THEM TO GVT OF NICARAGUA FOR $100 A PIECE.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 115
GUATEMALA, 54 TO SILENCE SYDNEY GRUSON, AN EXPERIENCED NY TIMES
REPORTER, ALLEN DULLES CONTACTED GENERAL JULIUS ADLER, BUSINESS =
MANAGER OF
THE TIMES. TOLD HIM GRUSON AND WIFE, FLORA LEWIS, WERE UNRELIABLE. =
ARTHUR
HAYS SULZBERGER, PUBLISHER, TOLD GRUSON TO STAY PUT IN MEXICO CITY =
(DURING
CIA COUP). SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 155
GUATEMALA, 54 EDWARD BERNAYS CHIEF LOBBYIST OF FORCES SEEKING THE
OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ'S GVT HAD AN ESPECIALLY CLOSE RELATIONSHIP WITH =
"THE
NEW LEADER," A VIGOROUSLY ANTI-COMMUNIST LIBERAL WEEKLY.... BERNAYS
PERSUADED UNITED FRUIT COMPANY TO SPONSOR PUBLIC SERVICE ADS ON BEHALF =
OF
RED CROSS AND U.S. SAVINGS BONDS IN THE MAGAZINE AT $1,000.00 A PAGE, =
FAR
ABOVE GOING RATE. "THE NEW LEADER"...CARRIED NUMEROUS ARTICLES, BOTH =
BEFORE
AND AFTER COUP, JUSTIFYING INTERVENTION AGAINST ARBENZ'S REGIME ON =
GROUNDS
THAT A SOVIET TAKEOVER LIKELY. A MANAGING EDITOR OF "THE NEW LEADER" =
IN THE
50s, DANIEL JAMES, WROTE A BOOK ENTITLED "RED DESIGN FOR THE =
AMERICAS,"
WHICH PROVIDED A RATIONALE FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF GUATEMALAN =
DEMOCRACY.
UNITED FRUIT AND CIA COOPERATED TO ENSURE WORK HAD A WIDE =
DISTRIBUTION.
TAKEN FROM BOOK BITTER FRUIT. HITCHENS, C. (1988). PREPARED FOR THE =
WORST
271
GUATEMALA, 54 THE NEW YORK TIMES AND LIFE USED INFORMATION FROM THE
CIA-BACKED STATION "VOICE OF LIBERATION," AS AUTHENTIC. PHILLIPS, D.A.
(1977). THE NIGHT WATCH 46
GUATEMALA, 54 TO CONVINCE WORLD THAT REDS IN GUATEMALA DOMINATED, =
OPS
COORDINATION BOARD SPECIAL STAFF GATHERED ALL DATA TO SEND TO =
APPROPRIATE
INDIVIDUALS THRUOUT AMERICAS. THERE TO BE INQUIRY BY HOUSE SELECT =
COMMITTEE
ON COMMUNIST AGGRESSION, CHAIRED BY CHARLES KERSTEN; AN INQUIRY BY =
SENATE
SUB-COM ON INTERNAL SECURITY. FRANK WISNER, DDP, SUGGESTED EISENHOWER =
TELL
CONGRESSIONAL LEADERS "WE ARE TRYING TO PURGE GVT OF COMMUNIST =
ELEMENTS."
COOK, B. (1981). THE DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 265
GUATEMALA, 54 WITH DECISION TO OVERTHROW GVT THE DOS SOLICITED =
NEWSMEN TO
WRITE ABOUT EVENTS. ONE DOS MEMO SAID ITS OFFICERS SHOULD VISIT AN =
EDITOR
OF FORTUNE, CHARLES MURPHY, PRESUMABLY TO LEAK HIM "FAVORABLE =
STORIES," AND
ANOTHER SAID THE SIMILAR IDEA RE DREW PEARSON. THE NATION 10/28/78 =
P442
GUATEMALA, 80 GUATEMALAN CITIZENS WITH CIA LINKS CONTRIBUTED =
ALLEGED $10
MILLION TO REAGAN ELECTION CAMPAIGN. MARSHALL, J., SCOTT P.D., & =
HUNTER, J.
(1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 53-4
GUATEMALA, 54 OPA-LOCKA MARINE AIR BASE IS BASE FOR CIA OVERTURN =
OP.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 110
GUATEMALA, MEDIA, 54 DULLES LIED TO NYT TO GET TIME'S BEST REPORTER =
OUT
OF CENTRAL AMERICA BEFORE COUP. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983).
BITTER FRUIT XIII
=20
ISRAEL, 60-93 FOR DECADES ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE OF B'NAI B'RITH HAS =
RUN
A PRIVATE SPY NET. MAINTAINED FILES ON 950 ORGANIZATIONS AND NEARLY =
10,000
INDIVIDUALS. ADL COOPERATED WITH STATE, FEDERAL, AND FOREIGN =
INTELLIGENCE
ENTITIES. SHARING INCLUDED CONFIDENTIAL INFO WAS ILLEGAL, A THREAT TO =
CIVIL
LIBERTIES, AND AN INFRINGEMENT ON RIGHT TO PRIVACY. THOSE INVOLVED =
INCLUDED
TOM GERARD, ROY BULLOCK, IRWIN SUALL, THOMAS HALPERIN, ETC. GERARD WAS =
AN
OFFICER OF SAN FRAN POLICE DEPT SINCE 68 WHO CLAIMS FROM 82-85, HE =
TOOK A
3-YEAR LEAVE TO SERVE WITH CIA IN EL SALVADOR (WITH DEATH SQUADS), =
HONDURAS
AND GUATEMALA AS A BOMB EXPERT. HE ALSO CLAIMED TO HAVE SERVED IN =
ALGERIA
AND AFGHANISTAN. IN POLICE SEARCH THEY FOUND IN GERARD'S LOCKER SOME
SOUVENIRS OF CIA DAYS, 10 PASSPORTS IN DIFFERENT NAMES, CIA MANUALS.
LOOSE-LEAF BINDER HAD MORE THAN 100 NAMES AND PHONE NUMBERS TITLED
"INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES DIV, SPECIAL ACTIVITIES GROUP" WHICH HANDLES
CIA'S PM OPS. HE SAID IT WAS A WHO'S WHO OF CIA AND HE STASHED =
MATERIAL IN
85 WHEN HE LEFT CIA IN CASE HE EVER NEEDED PROTECTION. A LIST OF
ORGANIZATIONS FOUND IN ADL'S FILES. COVERT ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN
(QUARTERLY) SUMMER 93 29-37
MEDIA. AUTHORS ARTICLES IN SAT EVEN POST R. AND G. HARKNESS STATED =
THEY
SPENT YEAR WITH CIA IN PREPARING SERIES ARTICLES IN OCT/NOV 54 =
CLAIMED
CIA HAD ROLE EGYPT REVOLT OF 52, GUATEMALA 54 AND IRAN 53. KWITNY, J.
(1984). ENDLESS ENEMIES 165
=20
=20
THE CHIEF PR OFFICER OF UNITED FRUIT COMPANY SAID "A GREAT DEAL OF THE =
NEWS
WHICH APPEARED IN THE NORTH AMERICAN PRESS WAS SUPPLIED, EDITED AND
SOMETIMES MADE UP BY UNITED FRUIT'S PUBLIC RELATIONS DEPT." DURING THE
PERIOD WHEN BOTH "COMPANIES" (UF AND THE CIA) WERE LAYING THE =
GROUNDWORK
FOR THE OVERTHROW OF THE GUATEMALAN DEMOCRACY. Z MAGAZINE 11/88 14
DRUGS
ECONOMIC WAR
GUATEMALA, 54 U.S. POLITICAL ACTION OFFICER IN GUATEMALA, JOHN HILL,
LISTED SEVERAL ECONOMIC MEASURES TO KEEP GUATEMALA OFF BALANCE. 1. =
DIVERT
GAS TANKERS; 2. CREDIT FROM U.S. INSTITUTIONS THREATENED OR STOPPED. =
3.
FLIGHT OF CAPITAL - CIA PLANNED A RUMOR CAMPAIGN TO STIMULATE A =
BUSINESS
PANIC. COOK, B. (1981). THE DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 271
FLAP
=20
GUATEMALA, 51 CIA TECHNICAL INSTALLATION IN THE HQS OF THE =
GUATEMALAN
COMMUNIST PARTY WAS TRACED BACK TO THE CIA STATION. HUNT, H.J. (1974).
UNDERCOVER 83
FOUNDATION
GUATEMALA, 54 TO COVER OVERTURN OP CIA SET UP A MEDICAL INSTITUTE =
AS A
CHARITABLE FOUNDATION. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER =
FRUIT
115
=20
GUATEMALA, 53-54 IN OP PBSUCCESS CIA CREATED DUMMY ARMS COMPANY,
INTERNATIONAL ARMAMENT CORPORATION (INTERARMCO) TO SERVE AS CONDUIT =
FOR
ARMS TO NICARAGUA AND HONDURAS. CIA USED VARIETY DUMMY ORGANIZATIONS =
TO
SEND PLANES TO REBELS. NATIONAL GUARD UNITS IN SOUTHERN U.S. LOANED =
PLANES
TO CIA, WHICH RENTED THEM TO NICARAGUA FOR ONE DOLLAR EACH. AIR FORCE =
OF A
DOZEN PLANES. TREVERTON, G. (1987). COVERT ACTION 63
GUATEMALA, 85-86 AIR COMMANDO ASSOCIATION (ACA). THE PRESIDENT OF
GUATEMALA, IN 85 INVITED ACA TO ESTABLISH A MEDICAL RELIEF PROGRAM IN =
IXIL
TRIANGLE IN WAR-TORN GUATEMALAN HIGHLANDS. ACA'S MAIN ACTIVITIES TOOK =
PLACE
AT NEBAJ WHERE, IN COOPERATION WITH ARMY OF GUATEMALA, ACA ESTABLISHED =
A
CLINIC. NEBAJ IS AN ENCLOSED CAMP THAT WAS PART OF THE GVT'S PROGRAM =
TO
RELOCATE INDIANS DISPLACED BY ARMY'S CI CAMPAIGNS. ACA AND THE =
NATIONAL
DEFENSE COUNCIL DELIVERED MEDICAL SUPPLIES FOR GUATEMALA'S =
CONTROVERSIAL
RESETTLEMENT PROGRAM. IN 87, ACA CHANGED ITS NAME FOR ITS GUATEMALAN =
OPS TO
THRESHOLD FOUNDATION. US AID HAS SUPPLIED ACA WITH FREE TRANSPORTATION =
FROM
MICHIGAN TO MIAMI FOR WMR GOODS. "OPERATION BLESSING" OF EVANGELICAL
CHRISTIAN BROADCASTING NETWORK ALSO PROVIDED MEDICINAL SUPPLIES. =
RESOURCE
CENTER GROUPWATCH PROJECT
FUNDING
=20
GUATEMALA
GUATAMALA, FORMER CUBAN MAFIA ASSOC, JOHN MARTINO, WITH LINKS TO =
KENNEDY
ASSASSINATION WENT 70 TO GUATEMALA FOR CIA. MARSHALL, J., SCOTT =
P.D., & =20
HUNTER, J. (1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 66, 252
GUATEMALA, 54 GOOD CAPSULE ACCT OF CIA OVERTHROW ARBENZ. CORSON, =
W.R.
(1977). ARMIES OF IGNORANCE 354-358
=20
GUATAMALA, USIA, 54 PROPAGANDISTS WROTE MORE THAN 200 ARTICLES =
ABOUT
GUATEMALA BASED ON INFO FROM CIA SOURCES AND DISTRIBUTED THEM FOR =
ANONYMOUS
PLACEMENT IN SCORES OF LATIN NEWSPAPERS. USIA SHIPPED MORE THAN =
100,000
COPIES PAMPHLET CALLED "CHRONOLOGY OF COMMUNISM IN GUATEMALA" 27,000 =
COPIES
OF ANTI-COMMUNISM CARTOONS AND POSTERS WERE DISTRIBUTED. USIA PRODUCED =
3
MOVIES ON GUATEMALA. VARIOUS OTHER PRESS OPS DESCRIBED. SCHLESINGER, =
S., & =20
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 167
HONDURAS
HONDURAS, ARGENTINA PROVIDING ADVISORS 81 TO CONTRAS, CENTRAL =
AMERICA
DEATH SQUADS TO TEACH COUNTERINSURGENCY OPS. TAUGHT; KIDNAP SUSPECT,
QUESTION UNDER TORTURE, KILL THEM, KIDNAP ANOTHER REPEAT PROCESS. =
CALLED
"CLEANING OP". RIGHTIST FROM EL SALVADOR SAID ARGENTINES WERE GREAT =
HELP TO
[GUATEMALA] DEATH SQUADS, BEFORE THEY USED TO KILL RIGHT AWAY. =
ARGENTINES
TAUGHT THEM TO WAIT UNTIL AFTER INTERROGATION. MARSHALL, J., SCOTT =
P.D., & =20
HUNTER, J. (1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 130
INTEL F
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA EXAGGERATED ITS INTEL CAPABILITIES IN OPERATION
SUCCESS. IT FALSELY CLAIMED HAVING INFILTRATED ARBENZ'S STAFF WITH A
DOCUMENTED EUROPEAN BUSINESS MAN WHO ACHIEVED THE DEFECTION OF A =
SENIOR
OFFICER. DEFECTOR SUPPOSEDLY PROVIDED UP TO THE MINUTE REPORTS ON =
ARBENZ'S
INTENTIONS AND DISPOSITION OF TROOPS. IN REALITY, CIA WAS POORLY =
INFORMED
THROUGHOUT MUCH OF THE OPERATION. ON 24 JUN 54, ONE DAY PRIOR TO =
ARMY'S
DEFECTION, CIA WAS PESSIMISTIC ABOUT CHANCES FOR SUCCESS. CIA AGENTS =
HAD NO
EXPERIENCE IN CENTRAL AMERICA AND COULD NOT EFFECTIVELY INFILTRATE =
ARMY. NO
CONTINGENCY PLANS EXISTED IF ATTEMPTED COUP SHOULD HAVE FAILED. =
GLIEJESES,
P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 335-337, 373-375
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA INSPECTOR GENERAL LYMAN KIRKPATRICK WAS EXCLUDED =
FROM
OP SUCCESS. HE ALONG WITH RICHARD BISSELL, NOTED THAT NO POST-OP
EXAMINATION WAS EVER MADE TO DETERMINE CAUSES OF OPERATION'S APPARENT
SUCCESS. OP SUCCESS OVERINFLATED CIA CONFIDENCE, ULTIMATELY LEADING TO =
BAY
OF PIGS DEBACLE. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 372-373
INTEL-POLICY
GUATEMALA, 54 HORROR STORIES REACHED WASHINGTON VIA HOWARD HUNT'S
ATROCITY STORIES - A DELEGATION OF ANTI-COMMUNIST STUDENTS HAD THEIR
TESTICLES WIRED-UP AND POWER-HOSED THEIR MOUTHS AND RECTUMS. THESE =
HELPFUL
IN OVERCOMING QUALMS AROUND AGENCY. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS =
339-348
GUATEMALA, CIRCA 53-54 CIA REPORTED ARBENZ REGIME ARMING ITS =
SUPPORTERS
IN LABOR UNIONS AGAINST CONSERVATIVE ARMY AND POSSIBLE INVASION FROM =
EL
SALVADOR. HIGGINS, T. (1987). THE PERFECT FAILURE 17
LABOR
=20
GUATEMALA 54 AFL JOINS UNITED FRUIT IN SUPPORT RIGHT WING COUP. =
LABOR
ORGANIZING, ENCOURAGED UNDER CIVILIAN GVT, OUTLAWED UNDER SUBSEQUENT
MILITARY RULE. BARRY, T., & PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD IN CENTRAL =
AMERICA
19
GUATAMALA, DECEPTION, CIRCA 50 USIA IN GUATEMALA ESTABLISHES =
ANTI-ARBENZ
NEWS SERVICE WHICH DISTRIBUTED BLACK PROPAGANDA LABELLING GVT =
OFFICIALS AND
LABOR LEADERS COMMUNISTS. BARRY, T., & PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD IN =
CENTRAL
AMERICA 20
FROM 49-88 ARCHITECTS OF LABOR'S FOREIGN POLICY CREATED AN =
INTERNATIONAL
AFFAIRS OP WHICH COOPERATED CLOSELY WITH THE CIA TO BREAK LEFT-LED =
STRIKES
IN FRANCE IN 49 AND OVERTHROW LEFTIST GVTS IN GUATEMALA IN 54. THE
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DEPT THEY CREATED IN THE AFL-CIO EXPECTS TO =
SPEND $33
MILLION ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS ($29 MILLION OF IT FROM THE U.S. =
GVT)--THREE
TIMES WHAT THE AFL-CIO SPENDS ON ORGANIZING AND 10 TIMES ITS BUDGET =
FOR
CIVIL RIGHTS. FOR A DETAILED ACCOUNT Z MAG 11/88 P98-104
GUATEMALA, 47-54 UNTIL 54 LITTLE UNION ACTIVITY IN COUNTRY AND =
FEW CIA
LABOR OPS. 54 ARBENZ GVT CHALLENGES UNITED FRUIT. LABOR ARDENT =
SUPPORT
ARBENZ. CIA TRIES MANIPULATE LABOR AWAY FROM ARBENZ. EFFORT FAILS AND =
CIA
ENGINEERS OVERTHROW, AFTER WHICH ONLY UNITED FRUIT COMPANY UNION AND =
SAMF
ALLOWED EXIST. ORIT AND AFL SUPPORT COUP. COUNTERSPY WINTER 75 44
GUATEMALA, 53 ORIT/AFL TRY ESTABLISH PRO-U.S. BASE BY FUNDING =
NATIONAL
UNION OF FREE WORKERS OF GUATEMALA. WISE TO PLOT, ARBENZ DEPORTS ITS
LEADERS. BARRY, T., & PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD IN CENTRAL AMERICA 20
GUATEMALA, 54-76 EFFECT OF CIA COUP ORGANIZED LABOR ALL BUT WIPED =
OUT.
UNION MEMBERSHIP DROPPED 100,000 TO 27,000 IMMEDIATELY AND CONTINUED
DECLINE THEREAFTER, IN PART DUE TO DEATH SQUAD ACTIVITY. BARRY, T., & =
PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD IN CENTRAL AMERICA 21
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER COUP CIA PUSHED ARMAS TO WRITE LAWS THAT =
ESTABLISHED
DEATH PENALTY FOR A CRIMES THAT INCLUDED MANY LABOR UNION ACTIVITIES.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 221
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA GOAL IN OVERTHROWING ARBENZ GVT WAS IN PART TO =
DESTROY
RAILROAD WORKERS UNION. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER =
FRUIT
121
GUATEMALA, 55-63 CIA OPS DIRECTED PRIMARILY AGAINST COMM UNION =
FASQUA
AND CATHOLIC UNION FECETRAG. COUNTERSPY WINTER 75 45
GUATEMALA, 64-66 CIA EMPHASIS ON AIFLD AND ITS WORK. ATTEMPT AT =
UNIFYING
LABOR FEDERATIONS FIRST IN CONSIQUA AND THEN IN CONTRAGUA. KEY GOAL
PREVENTION COMMUNIST AND CATHOLIC INFILTRATION. COUNTERSPY WINTER 75 =
45
=20
=20
GUATEMALA, SINCE 54 COUP "AIFLD HAS BEEN MORE CONCERNED ABOUT =
CONTAINING
LEFTIST ORGANIZING THAN ABOUT SPEAKING OUT AGAINST HUMAN RIGHTS =
VIOLATIONS
OR IN FAVOR OF LABOR UNION RIGHTS." AS RESULT AIFLD HAS FAILED TO GAIN
ALLEGIANCE OF WORKFORCE. BARRY, T., & PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD IN =
CENTRAL
AMERICA 19
GUATEMALA, 54 AFL UNDER CIA-INVOLVED NATIONAL UNION OF FREE WORKERS =
OF
GUATEMALA (UNTL). SERAFINO ROMUALDI, A CIA AGENT WHO ALSO WORKED FOR =
NELSON
ROCKEFELLER PLACED UNTL LEADERS UNDER CIA'S ARMY OF ARMAS. AFL =
MAGAZINE
"THE AMERICAN FEDERATIONIST" PUBLISHED ANTI-ARBENZ ARTICLES. =
COUNTERSPY
4/81 12
=20
LIAISON
ISRAEL, CENTRAL AMERICA, 73-88 OVER LAST 15 YEARS, ISRAEL HAS BECOME
FULL-FLEDGED COVERT PARTNER OF U.S. IN PROMOTING COUNTERREVOLUTION IN =
THE
THIRD WORLD. WHEN PUBLIC OPINION WONT SUPPORT DIRECT U.S.INTERVENTION,
ISRAELI INTEL AGENTS, MILITARY OFFICERS AND ARMS DEALERS AND HAVE =
SUPPLIED
TRAINING AND WEAPONS TO CHILE, EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA, HAITI, SOUTH =
AFRICA,
AND NICARAGUAN CONTRAS. TOP SECRET 0-88 25
0MEDIA
GUATEMALA, 51-54 BERNAYS OF UNITED FRUIT DEVELOPED STRATEGY RE =
GUATEMALA
TO SELECT MOST INFLUENTIAL MEMBERS MEDIA, THE TIMES, SEVERAL OTHER =
PAPERS,
TWO OR THREE MAJOR NEWS MAGAZINES, WIRE SERVICES AND ELECTRONIC =
NETWORKS -
FOLLOWED BY A HIGH - LEVEL SATURATION CAMPAIGN TO EXPOSE MEDIA'S =
REPORTERS
TO COMPANY'S VERSION OF FACTS. CAMPAIGN INCLUDED GUIDED TOURS WITH UP =
TO 10
NEWSMEN PER JUNKET AT COMPANY EXPENSE. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN
COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 47
GUATEMALA, 51-54 BERNAYS WITH UNITED FRUIT BROUGHT GUATEMALA TO =
ATTENTION
OF NEW YORK TIMES PUBLISHER SULZBURGER WHO MADE AN INSPECTION TRIP TO
COUNTRY - WHILE ON TRIP A "COMMUNIST RIOT" TOOK PLACE. A PR COUP FOR
BERNAYS. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED
FRUIT 46
GUATEMALA, 53-54 IN 53 USIS PRESENTED A DOCUMENT TO THE OPS =
COORDINATING
BOARD THAT SAYS USIA HELPED WITH THE PREPARATION AND PLACEMENT OF
UNATTRIBUTED ARTICLES LABELING GUATEMALAN GVT FIGURES AS COMMUNISTS. =
THESE
WERE PLANTED IN A CHILEAN NEWSPAPER AND LATER REPRINTED IN SELECTED =
OTHER
COUNTRIES WITH CHILEAN ATTRIBUTION. WORKED IN COORDINATION WITH DOS =
AND
CIA. THE NATION 10/28/78 P440
GUATEMALA, 53-60 UNITED FRUIT ARRANGED FOR TOURS FOR PRESS WITHIN =
HOURS
OF EXPROPRIATION OF UF LAND. TOURS INCLUDED REPS OF TIME-LIFE, SEVERAL
LARGE DAILIES, NEWSWEEK AND THE WIRE SERVICES. AN AVALANCHE OF =
PUBLICITY
FAVORING UF FOLLOWED AFTER TRIP. UF DISTRIBUTED A CONFIDENTIAL =
GUATEMALAN
NEWSLETTER EACH WEEK TO A LIST OF 250 AMERICAN JOURNALISTS. NEWSLETTER
LATER BROADENED TO INCLUDE HONDURAS, COSTA RICA, AND PANAMA WHICH =
MEANT
THAT FROM 53-60 A GREAT DEAL OF NEWS OF CENTRAL AMERICA IN NORTH =
AMERICAN
PRESS WAS SUPPLIED, EDITED AND SOMETIMES MADE BY UF'S PR DEPT. MCANN, =
T.
(1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 59
=20
GUATEMALA, 54 TO SILENCE SYDNEY GRUSON, AN EXPERIENCED NY TIMES
REPORTER, ALLEN DULLES CONTACTED GENERAL JULIUS ADLER, BUSINESS =
MANAGER OF
THE TIMES. TOLD HIM GRUSON AND WIFE, FLORA LEWIS, WERE UNRELIABLE. =
ARTHUR
HAYS SULZBERGER, PUBLISHER, TOLD GRUSON TO STAY PUT IN MEXICO CITY =
(DURING
CIA COUP). SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 155
GUATEMALA, 54 THE NEW YORK TIMES AND LIFE USED INFORMATION FROM THE
CIA-BACKED STATION "VOICE OF LIBERATION," AS AUTHENTIC. PHILLIPS, D.A.
(1977). THE NIGHT WATCH 46
GUATEMALA, 54 WITH DECISION TO OVERTHROW GVT THE DOS SOLICITED =
NEWSMEN TO
WRITE ABOUT EVENTS. ONE DOS MEMO SAID ITS OFFICERS SHOULD VISIT AN =
EDITOR
OF FORTUNE, CHARLES MURPHY, PRESUMABLY TO LEAK HIM "FAVORABLE =
STORIES," AND
ANOTHER SAID THE SIMILAR IDEA RE DREW PEARSON. THE NATION 10/28/78 =
P442
MEXICO, 70-85 AN OUTSPOKEN CRITIC OF READER'S DIGEST'S COZY =
RELATIONSHIP
WITH CIA WAS MANUEL BUENDIA IN HIS COLUMN IN EXCELSIOR, MEXICO CITY'S
LEADING NEWSPAPER AND SYNDICATED IN TWO HUNDRED OTHER PAPERS. HE ALSO =
WROTE
BOOK, "LA CIA EN MEXICO," PUBLISHED IN 83. HE WROTE ABOUT RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN RD'S LATIN AMERICAN PUBLICATION, SELECCIONES, AND AN AMERICAN
WRITER WHO "IN THE LAST 20 YEARS, DANIEL JAMES HAS WRITTEN ONLY WHAT =
HE HAS
BEEN ORDERED TO BY CIA." JAMES LIVED IN MEXICO FROM 56-78 AND RECEIVED
DEGREES FROM PACIFIC WESTERN UNIVERSITY BASED ON BOOKS HE WROTE, =
INCLUDING
THE 1954 "RED DESIGN FOR AMERICA: GUATEMALAN PRELUDE." JAMES ALSO HELD
MOSTLY HONORARY POSITION OF MANAGING EDITOR OF THE "NEW LEADER," A =
COLD WAR
LIBERAL PUBLICATION WITH TIES TO CIA. BUENDIA IDENTIFIED ANTONIO =
RODRIGUEZ
VILLAR, DIRECTOR OF "SELECCIONES" IN MEXICO CITY AS A CIA AGENT. A =
CHARTER
MEMBER OF HARRY MORGAN'S WORLD PRESS INSTITUTE, VILLAR ALSO SERVED AS =
PRESS
SPOKESMAN FOR ARGENTINE FEDERAL POLICE DURING JUNTA'S DIRTY WAR WHEN =
20,000
PEOPLE ALLEGEDLY DISAPPEARED. BUENDIA CLAIMED CIA, "A LONGTIME FRIEND =
OF
SELLECCIONES, [HAD] TAKEN OVER ITS LATIN AMERICAN EDITIONS, THROUGH
INDIVIDUALS SUCH AS VILLAR." ON 5/30/84, BUENDIA WAS SHOT FOUR TIMES =
IN THE
BACK. MEXICO'S FEDERAL POLICE DESTROYED MOST OF HIS FILES. JAMES LATER
TURNED UP IN A THINK-TANK CALLED MEXICO-UNITED STATES INSTITUTE.
"EXCELSOIR" CHARGED JAMES WAS A CIA AGENT DURING HIS YEARS IN MEXICO =
AND
MUSI PART OF A CONSPIRACY TO DESTABILIZE THE INSTITUTIONAL =
REVOLUTIONARY
PARTY (IRP) MEXICO'S RULING PARTY. JAMES ADMITTED TO NEW YORK TIMES IN =
77
THAT HE HAD TIES TO CIA. HIS BACHELOR DEGREE AND HIS DOCTORATE IN =
LATIN
AMERICAN STUDIES WERE OBTAINED BY MAIL ORDER AND MUSI WAS FUNDED BY =
WEALTHY
TEXAN CONSERVATIVES. MUSI SUSPECTED TO BE A FRONT FOR CIA. JAMES NOW
STRENUOUSLY DENIED ANY CIA CONNECTION. HEIDENRY, J. (1993). THEIRS WAS =
THE
KINGDOM 594-7
THE CHIEF PR OFFICER OF UNITED FRUIT COMPANY SAID "A GREAT DEAL OF THE =
NEWS
WHICH APPEARED IN THE NORTH AMERICAN PRESS WAS SUPPLIED, EDITED AND
SOMETIMES MADE UP BY UNITED FRUIT'S PUBLIC RELATIONS DEPT." DURING THE
PERIOD WHEN BOTH "COMPANIES" (UF AND THE CIA) WERE LAYING THE =
GROUNDWORK
FOR THE OVERTHROW OF THE GUATEMALAN DEMOCRACY. Z MAGAZINE 11/88 14
MERCENARIES
GUATEMALA, 53-54 RECRUITS FOR THE CIA "LIBERATION ARMY" WERE =
GUATEMALAN
EXILES AND MERCENARIES RECRUITED OPENLY IN HONDURAS AND NICARAGUA AND =
PAID
$300.00 A MONTH. TRAINING FOR THE INVASION OF GUATEMALA TOOK PLACE IN
NICARAGUA AND LATER IN HONDURAS. JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). =
(1974).
GUATEMALA 69
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA RECRUITED MERCENARIES THRUOUT CENTRAL AMER FOR
OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S SPIES 226
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA TRAINING AMERICANS AND ASSORTED LATIN AMERICANS =
FOR OP
IN GUATEMALA. PRADOS, J. (1986). PRESIDENTS' SECRET WARS 102
MILITARY
=20
GUATEMALA, 50-72 IN OCT 66 ARANA (WITH INCREASING AMOUNTS OF U.S.
MILITARY AND POLICE AID TO GUATEMALA) WAS USING QUASI-MILITARY =
TERRORIST
UNITS IN GUERRILLA ZONES. IN COORDINATION WITH ARMY AND POLICE INTEL
APPARATUS, PM GROUPS WERE USED TO ROOT OUT GUERRILLA SYMPATHIZERS. GUA =
196.
A KEY FUNCTION OF U.S. ADVISERS WAS THE SELECTION OF PROMISING =
GUATEMALAN
OFFICER FOR U.S.-SPONSORED TRAINING AND FOR THEIR POSITIONING IN KEY =
POSTS
WITHIN THE ARMY. JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974). GUATEMALA 197
GUATEMALA, 54-74 IN THE 20 YEARS AFTER THE 54 COUP, THE US PAID OUT =
$50
MILLION TO TRAIN THE MOST EFFICIENT MILITARY MACHINE IN C.A. AND FROM =
THE
LATE 60S, THIS MACHINE REPRESSED ALL OPPOSITION WITH SAVAGERY. WALL =
STREET
JOURNAL 2/24/83
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA LAUNCHED CLANDESTINE RADIO CAMPAIGN 7 WEEKS =
BEFORE
INVASION. TRAINED 3 GUATEMALANS AT OPA-LOCKA IN CLASSIC =
DISINFORMATION.
STATION CALLED VOICE OF LIBERATION. THEME OF BROADCASTS WAS ARBENZ =
SECRETLY
PLANNING TO DISBAND ARMED FORCES AND REPLACE THEM WITH PEOPLES =
MILITIA. CIA
LEAFLETS CARRIED SAME MESSAGE. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). =
BITTER
FRUIT 168
GUATEMALA, 54 JUNE LIGHT BOMBING, WITH JAMMING OF LOCAL RADIO =
STATIONS
AMID MISLEADING INSTRUCTIONS BROADCAST FROM OUTSIDE COUNTRY PROVOKED =
REVOLT
BY GUATEMALAN ARMY LEADERS. OFFICER CORPS PARTICULARLY FEARED A VAIN
ATTEMPT BY ARBENZ TO ARM THE LEFTIST POPULAR MILITIA. HIGGINS, T. =
(1987).
THE PERFECT FAILURE 34
GUATEMALA, 54-77 FROM 54 TO THE CARTER ADM THE U.S. WOULD TRAIN, =
FINANCE
AND OVERHAUL THE GUATEMALAN ARMY AND SECURITY FORCES. FROM 50-57 17.8
MILLION FOR FOREIGN MILITARY SALES (FMS), 16.1 MILLION FOR MILITARY
ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS (MAP) AND 6.5. MILLION FOR INTERNATIONAL MILITARY
EDUCATION AND TRAINING (IMET). UNDER IMET 3,073 CADETS PASSED THRU =
U.S.
TRAINING. AN ADD 4.4 MILLION IN POLICE TRAINING AND SUPPLIES UNDER =
OFFICE
OF PUBLIC SAFETY PROGRAM. OVER ALL U.S. SPENT 45 MILLION ON MILITARY
MACHINE. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P7
GUATEMALA, 54 IN OVERTHROW EISENHOWER ENLISTED ALL AMBASSADORS IN =
THE
AREA, GAVE A ROLE TO USIS, AS WELL AS THE US ARMY AND NAVY AND THE =
CIA. HE
ASKED EVERY DICTATOR IN THE AREA; I.E., TRUJILLO, BATISTA, SOMOZA, =
JIMENEZ,
AND OTHERS IN HONDURAS AND EL SALVADOR TO JOIN A REGION-WIDE SEIGE. =
THE
NATION 10/28/78 P44O
NSC
OP
=20
GUATEMALA, 54 OP FORTUNE PLAN TO SMUGGLE ARMS TO ARBENZ OPPONENTS =
ON
UNITED FRUIT BOATS. PLAN CANCELLED BY STATE DEPT. SCHLESINGER, S., & =20
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 92, 102
=20
GUATEMALA, 54 OP SUCCESS. AG 267 KEY TO SUCCESS WAS PSYCHOLOGICAL =
AND
PROPAGANDA ONSLAUGHT. RANELAGH, J. (1986). THE AGENCY 267
GUATEMALA, 54 OP HARD ROCK WAS LAUNCHED IN MAY 54 IN SUPPORT OF OP
SUCCESS. EISENHOWER ORDERED U.S. NAVY TO SEARCH ALL SHIPS, INCLUDING
EUROPEAN, FOR ARMS BOUND FOR GUATEMALA. WHILE NO ARMS WERE FOUND, U.S. =
NAVY
VESSELS PATROLLING GULF OF HONDURAS HAD PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT ON =
GUATEMALAN
MILITARY. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 312,313
ORGANIZATIONS
ORG, OPS
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA TASK-FORCE ESTABLISHED TO OVERTURN ARBENZ GVT.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 110
OVERTHROW
53-61 DULLES'S MARK AS DCI CAN BE SEEN IN NUMBER OF OPS, BOTH =
SUCCESSFUL
- IRAN 53; COSTA RICA, 53; GUATEMALA, 54 - AND UNSUCCESSFUL - =
INDONESIA 58;
TIBET 58; CUBA 60-61. EACH OP FOLLOWED FAMILIAR PATTERN - REMOVAL OR
ATTEMPTED REMOVAL OF A GVT DEEMED INIMICAL TO U.S. INTERESTS AND ITS
REPLACEMENT BY ONE THAT MORE FRIENDLY. LOWENTHAL, M. (1992). THE =
WASHINGTON
PAPERS. U.S.INTELLIGENCE EVOLUTION AND ANATOMY 26
GUATEMALA, 51-52 OPERATION FORTUNE AUTHORIZED BY TRUMAN, A SCHEME TO =
SEND
WEAPONRY IN A UNITED FRUIT SHIP TO ANASTASIO SOMOZA OF NICARAGUA TO =
USE IN
GUATEMALA. OP CANCELLED BY INTERVENTION DAVID BRUCE OF STATE DEPT. IN =
52=20
OPC APPROACHED OFFICERS IN GUATEMALAN ARMY AND SMUGGLED IN SMALL ARMS =
PLUS
$64,000 FROM UNITED FRUIT. ON 3/23/93, 200 MEN ATTACKED SALAMA AND =
HELD IT
BRIEFLY BEFORE DEFEATED BY ARMY. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS 339
GUATEMALA, 52 OPERATION FORTUNE WAS LAUNCHED IN FALL OF 1952 WITH
INTENTION OF ARMING CASTILLO ARMAS WHO WAS IN HONDURAS. NICARAGUA'S =
SOMOZA
HAD CONVINCED TRUMAN'S MILITARY AIDE, COL MARA, THAT ARMA COULD =
OVERTHROW
ARBENZ. THIS DESPITE CIA REPORTS IN JUNE INDICATING SKEPTICISM OF =
ARMAS'
CLAIMS. CIA NOTED ARMY DEFECTION WOULD BE CRUCIAL FOR OPERATION =
SUCCESS AND
THERE WAS NO INDICATION THAT ARMY WOULD DEFECT. YET CIA DIRECTOR =
WALTER
SMITH ORDERED DIRECTORATE OF OPERATIONS TO PROCEED WITH PLAN. =
OPERATION WAS
HALTED WHEN SEC. ACHESON LEARNED OF PLAN. UNITED FRUIT FREIGHTER =
CARRYING
ARMS WAS DIVERTED TO PANAMA WHERE ARMS WERE UNLOADED. GLIEJESES, P. =
(1991).
SHATTERED HOPE 229-231
GUATEMALA, 54 FOR THE OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ CASTILLO ARMAS WOULD HAVE =
B-26
BOMBERS AND CARGO AND FIGHTER PLANES, A FEW TO BE FLOWN BY =
GUATEMALANS, BUT
MOST BY FOREIGN MERCENARIES. THERE WOULD BE A STAGING AREA FROM A
NEIGHBORING COUNTRY, A REBEL CLANDESTINE RADIO STATION, WHICH WOULD =
PRETEND
TO BROADCAST FROM WITHIN GUATEMALA AND A TEAM OF RADIO TECHNICIANS, =
WRITERS
AND ANNOUNCERS. PHILLIPS, D.A. (1977). THE NIGHT WATCH 36
GUATEMALA, 54 KEY EVENT IN PRES. ARBENZ'S DECISION TO RESIGN =
OCCURRED AT
ZACAPA ON 25 JUN 54 WHEN ARMY REFUSED TO CRUSH ARMAS' REBELS. WHILE =
ARMY
COULD HAVE EASILY DEFEATED THEM, OFFICERS SAID THEY FEARED U.S. =
MILITARY
ACTION AGAINST THEM IF ARMAS SHOULD FAIL. ARBENZ ALSO FEARED U.S.
INTERVENTION CHOOSING NOT TO STOP ARMAS AT BORDER FOR FEAR OF CREATING
BORDER INCIDENT WITH HONDURAS. ARMAS' FORCES, INCLUDING CIA AIR FORCE =
AND
RADIO PROPAGANDA, WERE LARGELY INEFFECTIVE - BOTH MILITARILY AND
PSYCHOLOGICALLY - AGAINST GUATEMALAN ARMY. IT WAS WELL AWARE OF HOW =
SMALL
ARMAS' FORCES WERE. WHAT OFFICERS FEARED MOST WAS U.S. RETALIATION =
SHOULD
ARMAS BE DEFEATED. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 324,338-341
GUATEMALA, 54 ON D-DAY, THE 18TH OF JUNE 54 VOL ANNOUNCED THAT COL.
CASTILLO ARMAS AND HIS TROOPS HAD INVADED. SEVERAL TRUCKS HAD CROSSED
BORDER WITHOUT OPPOSITION. THE VOL REFERRED TO AN ARMY OF 5,000. B-26
BOMBERS AND WWII FIGHTERS BEGAN FLYING NOISY MISSIONS. THEY MADE =
LOW-LEVEL
STRAFFING RUNS. ONE BLEW UP AN OIL TANK THAT BURNING COULD BE SEEN FOR
MILES. USED VOL TO SNUGGLE UP TO GENUINE STATION. ON 25TH JUNE A BOMB
DROPPED ON GUATEMALA CITY. PHILLIPS, D.A. (1977). THE NIGHT WATCH 45-8
GUATEMALA, 54 STORY OF THE OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ. TULLY, A. (1962). =
CIA:
THE INSIDE STORY 54-60
=20
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA LAUNCHED CLANDESTINE RADIO CAMPAIGN 7 WEEKS =
BEFORE
INVASION. TRAINED 3 GUATEMALANS AT OPA-LOCKA IN CLASSIC =
DISINFORMATION.
STATION CALLED VOICE OF LIBERATION. THEME OF BROADCASTS WAS ARBENZ =
SECRETLY
PLANNING TO DISBAND ARMED FORCES AND REPLACE THEM WITH PEOPLES =
MILITIA. CIA
LEAFLETS CARRIED SAME MESSAGE. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). =
BITTER
FRUIT 168
GUATEMALA, 54 OP NAMED "FORTUNE". CIA USED SHIPS OF UNITED FRUIT TO
CARRY ARMS TO EXILES IN NICARAGUA. RANELAGH, J. (1986). THE AGENCY =
264-268
GUATEMALA, 54 OVERTURN ARBENZ GVT SUSTAINED BY A RADIO BARRAGE FROM
NEARBY CIA STATIONS, ESPECIALLY ON SWAN ISLAND. ALLEN DULLES NOTED =
"ENTIRE
EFFORT DEPENDENT ON PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT RATHER THAN ACTUAL MILITARY
STRENGTH...USE OF SMALL NUMBER AIRPLANES AND RADIO DESIGNED GIVE =
IMPRESSION
OF ARMAS' STRENGTH AS WELL AS REGIME'S WEAKNESS." HIGGINS, T. (1987). =
THE
PERFECT FAILURE 30-1
GUATEMALA, 54 PLAN ONE PART MILITARY ACTION AND NINE PARTS =
PROPAGANDA
AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE. POWERS, T. (1979). THE MAN WHO KEPT THE =
SECRETS
86-8
=20
GUATEMALA, 54 CARDINAL SPELLMAN ARRANGED CIA CONTACT BETWEEN A =
SENIOR
CHURCHMAN SO THE CIA COULD COORDINATE HIS EFFORTS WITH THE OVERTHROW =
OP.
ANTI-ARBENZ AND ANTI-COMMUNIST PASTORAL LETTERS WERE GIVEN WIDE
DISTRIBUTION IN L.A. PRESS. AND THOUSANDS OF LEAFLETS CARRYING THE =
PASTORAL
LETTERS WERE AIR-DROPPED INTO REMOTE AREAS. HUNT, H.J. (1974). =
UNDERCOVER
99
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA INSTALLED IN EMBASSY SECRET COMMO EQUIPMENT WHICH
TURNED INTO RADIO STATION AND A JAMMING DEVICE TO OBSTRUCT RADIO =
BROADCASTS
AND AN AMPLIFIER TO SCARE WITH BOMBING SOUNDS. IN ADD. CASH USED TO
ENCOURAGE MILITARY DEFECTIONS, LEAKS OF INFO AND GVT INTRIGUES.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 139
=20
GUATEMALA, 54 IN 51 ARBENZ ELECTED. 2% PEOPLE OWNED 70% OF LAND. =
UNITED
FRUIT EXPLOITED WORKFORCE. IN 3/53 CIA BACKED RIGHT WINGERS WITH MONEY =
AND
ARMS, BUT UPRISING FAILED. 5/54 CIA USED CZECH SHIPMENT OF ARMS AS =
PRETEXT.
PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN MOUNTED IN LATIN AMERICAN PRESS THAT ARBENZ A
COMMUNIST. BLEDOWSKA, C., & BLOCH, J. (1987). KGB/CIA 56-7
GUATEMALA, 54 THE FIELD HQS FOR THE GUATEMALAN OP WAS A TWO-STORY
BARRACKS AT THE MARINE AIR BASE AT OPA LOCKA, FLORIDA. HUNT, H.J. =
(1974).
UNDERCOVER 98
GUATEMALA, 54 THE OVERTHROW OF THE GVT EMPLOYED PROPAGANDA AND THE
PRE-RECORDING OF TERROR BROADCASTS FOR D-DAY USE OVER THE GUATEMALAN
NATIONAL RADIO FREQUENCY. CIA HAD A CADRE OF GUATEMALAN NEWSPAPERMEN =
WHO
WERE TURNED INTO PROPAGANDISTS. THEY PREPARED NEWSPAPER ARTICLES, =
PAMPHLETS
AND LEAFLETS. HUNT, H.J. (1974). UNDERCOVER 98
GUATEMALA, IRAN, 53-54 FROM OPA-LOCKA FLORIDA CIA RUNNING AIRLIFTS =
TO
HONDURAS WHERE CASTILLO ARMAS SMALL BAND, NEVER MORE THAN 140 MEN, =
WERE
BEING TRAINED. IN ONE RESPECT CIA PLANNED TO DUPLICATE THE TECHNIQUE =
USED
IN IRAN: PSYCHOLOGICALLY PREPARING THE MINDS OF THE TARGET GVT AND =
PEOPLE,
THEN A SUDDEN SHOW OF APPARENTLY MASSIVE FORCE. A CIA STAFF OFFICER,
DOCUMENTED AND DISGUISED AS A EUROPEAN BUSINESSMAN ACHIEVED THE =
DEFECTION
OF A SENIOR OFFICER ON ARBENZ'S STAFF. THRU HIM HAD UP-TO-MINUTE =
INTEL.
AFTER WARNING THE PEOPLE, FIGHTER AIRCRAFT MADE LOW LEVEL STRAFFING =
RUNS ON
GUATEMALA CITY AND DROPPED RELATIVELY HARMLESS SMOKE BOMBS. FROM =
HONDURAS A
POWERFUL TRANSMITTER OVERRODE THE NATIONAL RADIO, BROADCASTING =
MESSAGES TO
CONFUSE AND DIVIDE THE POPULATION. HUNT, H.J. (1974). UNDERCOVER =
99-100
LATIN AMERICA. IN POST WWII ERA U.S. HAS OVERTHROWN MOST REFORMIST AND
REVOLUTIONARY GVTS IN L.A. U.S. MILITARY AND CIA ROLES TOOK VARIED =
FORMS
GUATEMALA (PROXY ARMY), BRAZIL (MILITARY COUP), DOMINICAN REPUBLIC =
(COMBAT
TROOPS), BOLIVIA (SPECIAL FORCES AND CIA) CHILE (MILITARY COUP), =
JAMAICA
(TERRORISM, ELECTORAL COUP). Z 3/89 P48
=20
PARAMILITARY
GUATEMALA, 53 WORKING WITH UNITED FRUIT CIA-ARMED RIGHT-WING =
OFFICERS OF
GUATEMALAN ARMY. 200 RAIDERS SEIZED SALAMA AND HELD IT FOR 17 HOURS. =
GVT
KILLED FOUR. REBELS QUICKLY REVEALED AS UNITED FRUIT PLOT, THOUGH NOT
CIA'S. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 103
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA FUNDED 20 MILLION TO OVERTHROW GVT. ORG. =
GUERRILLA
ARMY, SECRET AIR FORCE, SECRET RADIO STATIONS, ETC. RANELAGH, J. =
(1986).
THE AGENCY 266
GUATEMALA, 68 ADVISORS SENT TO GUATEMALA TO WORK WITH MILITARY AND
PARAMILITARY FORCES TO DESIGN BLOODY, EFFECTIVE REPRESSION OF =
INSURGENCY.
DICKEY, C. (1985). WITH THE CONTRAS 85
PERSONNEL
BACKGROUND ON INCOMING DCI, R. JAMES WOOLSEY. HE ANOTHER SIGN THAT =
INSIDERS
STILL RULE AND THAT CONSERVATIVE DEMOCRATS ARE WELCOME IN CLINTON ADM. =
HE
WENT TO LAW SCHOOL AT YALE AND WORKED BRIEFLY AT WARREN CHRISTOPHER'S =
LAW
FIRM, SERVED AS PENTAGON ANALYST IN 60s, AND A MEMBER OF NSC UNDER
KISSINGER - LATER WAS COUNSEL FOR SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE. IN
CARTER ADM, HE UNDERSECRETARY OF NAVY. HE ON PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSIONS =
- ONE
THAT SUPPORTED PRODUCTION OF MX MISSILE. HE IN OP-ED PIECES OFTEN =
SHARED A
BYLINE WITH BRENT SCOWCROFT. HE WITH OTHERS TRIED TO MOVE DEMOCRATIC =
PARTY
TO RIGHT - ONE SUCH OTHER WAS DAVID MCCURDY, CURRENT CHAIRMAN OF THE =
HOUSE
INTEL COMMITTEE. HE PARTICIPATED IN SECRET WAR GAMES STAGED BY CENTER =
FOR
STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES. HE ALSO A PARTNER AT SHEA AND =
GARDNER,
AN INFLUENTIAL LAW FIRM. HE WAS REGISTERED AS A FOREIGN AGENT FOR, =
INTER
ALIA, BOLIVIA, ECUADOR, GUATEMALA, PARAGUAY AND VENEZUELA. AS A LAWYER =
HE
REPRESENTED CHARLES ALLEN AND MICHAEL LEDEEN [OF CONTRAGATE FAME]. =
WOOLSEY
IS THE WRONG MAN TO REFORM THE CIA. THE NATION 1/18/93 39-40
BIO OF EVERETT HOWARD HUNT. IN 50 OPENED STATION IN MEXICO. OP TO =
EMBARRASS
USSR BY PACKING BANQUET IN HONOR OF SOVIETS. BECAME CHIEF BALKAN OPS -
ALBANIA, YUGOSLAVIA, GREECE, BULGARIA AND ROMANIA. ALL OPS CARRIED OUT =
FROM
GREECE'S BORDER. HE ASSIGNED BACK TO WESTERN HEMISPHERE DIV AS CHIEF =
OF
PROPAGANDA AND POLITICAL ACTION. FOR OVERTHROW OF GUATEMALA'S =
GOVERNMETNT.
HE LATER HUNT REASSIGNED TO TO JAPAN AS CHIEF OF COVERT OPS FOR NORTH =
ASIA
COMMAND UNDER GENERAL MATHEW RIDGEWAY'S FAR EAST COMMAND. IN 56 HE =
NAMED
COS MONTEVIDEO, URUGUAY. IN BAY OF PIGS OP AGAINST CUBA HUNT KNOWN AS
"EDUARDO." HE THEN GIVEN MINOR POLITICAL ASSIGNMENT MADRID, SPAIN. HE =
GIVEN
EARLY RETIREMENT IN 70. HE INVOLVED IN WATERGATE. PEN NAMES WERE =
ROBERT
DIETRICH, JOHN BAXTER, GORDON DAVIS, AND DAVID ST JOHN. MINNICK, W. =
(1992).
SPIES AND PROVACATEURS 105
GUATEMALA. PHILIP ROETTINGER, A CIA AGENT WHO HELPED OVERTHROW THE =
ARBENZ
GVT IN 54 DECRIES THE ACTS OF THE CIA IN THAT OVERTHROW. THE =
PROGRESSIVE
7/86 P50
POLICE
BOLIVIA. OPS AND AID SENT TRAINEES TO INTERNATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY =
D.C.
INSTRUCTORS OFTEN CIA OFFICERS UNDER COVER. BY 70 30,000 GUATEMALAN
POLICE RCVD CIA/OPS TRAINING. BLUM, W. (1986). THE CIA A FORGOTTEN =
HISTORY
267
CENTRAL AMERICA, FUNDING 85 SENATE FOREIGN RELATIONS CMTTEE APPROVED =
22
MILLION AID PROGRAM FOR POLICE FORCES IN 4 CENTRAL AMERICAN NATIONS.
PROGRAM WOULD PROVIDE $21 MILLION IN EQUIPMENT AND TRG IN =
COUNTERTERRORISM
TECHNIQUES TO EL SALVADOR, HONDURAS, COSTA RICA AND GUATEMALA. 1 =
MILLION
FOR A REGIONAL WITNESS PROTECTION FUND. FUNDING BASED ON PRESIDENTIAL
FINDING RE HUMAN RIGHTS. WASHINGTON POST 12/6/85 A 35
GUATEMALA, 50-72 IN OCT 66 ARANA (WITH INCREASING AMOUNTS OF U.S.
MILITARY AND POLICE AID TO GUATEMALA) WAS USING QUASI-MILITARY =
TERRORIST
UNITS IN GUERRILLA ZONES. IN COORDINATION WITH ARMY AND POLICE INTEL
APPARATUS, PM GROUPS WERE USED TO ROOT OUT GUERRILLA SYMPATHIZERS. =
JONES,
S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974). GUATEMALA 196
GUATEMALA, 63 U.S.HELPED INCREASE SIZE OF NATIONAL POLICE FROM =
3,000 TO
11,000 MEN. BY 1970 OVER 30,000 GUATEMALAN POLICE BENEFITTED FROM OPS =
TRG.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 247, 251
GUATEMALA. CIA DIRECTED TRAINING IN U.S. OF GUATEMALAN POLICE THRU =
OFFICE
OF PUBLIC SAFETY PROGRAMS. TRAINING INCLUDED INSTRUCTION IN POLICE =
INTEL,
CI INTEL, PLANNING FOR RIOT CONTROL, TARGETS OF INSURGENCY, CHEMICAL
MUNITIONS, EXPLOSIVES AND DEMOLITIONS, PLANNING FOR RIOT CONTROL, AND =
MOB
PSYCHOLOGY. COUNTERSPY 1/81 54
GUATEMALA, 54-77 FROM 54 TO THE CARTER ADM THE US WOULD TRAIN, =
FINANCE
AND OVERHAUL THE GUATEMALAN ARMY AND SECURITY FORCES. FROM 50-57 17.8
MILLION FOR FOREIGN MILITARY SALES (FMS), 16.1 MILLION FOR MILITARY
ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS (MAP) AND 6.5. MILLION FOR INTERNATIONAL MILITARY
EDUCATION AND TRAINING (IMET). UNDER IMET 3,073 CADETS PASSED THRU =
U.S.
TRAINING. AN ADD 4.4 MILLION IN POLICE TRAINING AND SUPPLIES UNDER =
OFFICE
OF PUBLIC SAFETY PROGRAM. OVER ALL U.S. SPENT 45 MILLION ON MILITARY
MACHINE. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P7
=20
THE CIA'S INTERNATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY (IPA) TRAINED POLICE FROM =
CHILE,
NICARAGUA, PANAMA, GUATEMALA, MEXICO, BRAZIL, THE PHILIPPINES, HONG =
KONG,
BELIZE (THEN BRITISH HONDURAS), KOREA, PARAGUAY, PERU, IRAN AND =
URUGUAY.
ATTENDEES OF "TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION COURSE" TRAINED IN D.C. AND TOOK
FIELDWORK AT THE BORDER PATROL ACADEMY IN LOS FRESNOS, TEXAS. IPA =
FOUNDED
BY A.I.D.. DAMAGING PUBLICITY FORCED THE ACADEMY TO CLOSE. IPA EARNED =
THE
REPUTATION OF THE "SCHOOL FOR TORTURERS." THE U.S. CONTINUED TO TRAIN
FOREIGN POLICE BY 68 FUNDING THE BRAZILIAN FEDERAL POLICE ACADEMY =
WHICH
TRAINED CHILE'S DINA AGENTS, WHO IN TURN INSTRUCTED ANTI-CASTRO CUBANS
LIVING IN COSTA RICA, GUATEMALA, AND NICARAGUA. OTHER SKILLS TAUGHT BY =
THE
CIA INCLUDE AGENT RECRUITMENT AND HANDLING, PHYSICAL AND ELECTRONIC
SURVEILLANCE, SURREPTITIOUS ENTRY, METHODS OF INFILTRATION, AND
ASSASSINATION AND TORTURE TECHNIQUES. HOUSE FOREIGN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE
REPORT 4/3/85 FN P137
POLICY
=20
GUATEMALA, 93 U.S. ROLE IN SERRANO OUSTER QUESTIONED. U.S. APPEARED
INSTRUMENTAL IN PROMPTING THE MILITARY TO OUST THE USURPING SERRANO -
WASHINGTON'S ACTIONS COUNTERPRODUCTIVE IN PROMOTING DEMOCRACY IN LONG =
RUN.
U.S. PRESSURE TENDED TO REINFORCE MILITARY AND BUSINESS-DOMINATED =
POLITICAL
SYSTEM. WASHINGTON POST 6/5/93 A18
THE U.S. RESPONSE TO HUMANITARIAN CRISES - DURING WWII AND JEWISH
IMMIGRATION - BIAFRA - BANGLADESH - BURUNDI - CAMBODIA - INDONESIA -
GUATEMALA (54) - UGANDA - ETC. Z MAG 9/91 36-7
PROCEDURES
=20
PROPAGANDA
GUATEMALA, 53-54 IN 53 USIS PRESENTED A DOCUMENT TO THE OPS =
COORDINATING
BOARD THAT SAYS USIA HELPED WITH THE PREPARATION AND PLACEMENT OF
UNATTRIBUTED ARTICLES LABELING GUATEMALAN GVT FIGURES AS COMMUNISTS. =
THESE
WERE PLANTED IN A CHILEAN NEWSPAPER AND LATER REPRINTED IN SELECTED =
OTHER
COUNTRIES WITH CHILEAN ATTRIBUTION. WORKED IN COORDINATION WITH DOS =
AND
CIA. THE NATION 10/28/78 P440
GUATEMALA, 54 OVERTURN ARBENZ GVT SUSTAINED BY A RADIO BARRAGE FROM
NEARBY CIA STATIONS, ESPECIALLY ON SWAN ISLAND. ALLEN DULLES NOTED =
"ENTIRE
EFFORT DEPENDENT ON PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT RATHER THAN ACTUAL MILITARY
STRENGTH...USE OF SMALL NUMBER AIRPLANES AND RADIO DESIGNED GIVE =
IMPRESSION
OF ARMAS' STRENGTH AS WELL AS REGIME'S WEAKNESS." HIGGINS, T. (1987). =
THE
PERFECT FAILURE 30-1
GUATEMALA, 54 COMBINED EFFECT OF PROPAGANDA BROADCASTS FROM CIA
TRANSMITTERS IN HONDURAS - THE VOICE OF LIBERATION - EFFECTIVE. ARBENZ
GROUNDED AIR FORCE BECAUSE OF CIA-CAUSED DEFECTION OF AN AIR FORCE =
OFFICER.
6/18/54 ARMAS WITH A SMALL "ARMY OF LIBERATION" CROSSED IN FROM =
HONDURAS.
SAME DAY P-47S BOMBED SAN JOSE. INVASION MAGNIFIED BY VOICE OF =
LIBERATION
WITH FABRICATED TALES OF DEFEATS. LEAFLET RAIDS CARRIED OUT WITH =
BOMBING
ATTACKS. BLEDOWSKA, C., & BLOCH, J. (1987). KGB/CIA 56-8
GUATEMALA, 54 THE OVERTHROW OF THE GVT EMPLOYED PROPAGANDA AND THE
PRE-RECORDING OF TERROR BROADCASTS FOR D-DAY USE OVER THE GUATEMALAN
NATIONAL RADIO FREQUENCY. CIA HAD A CADRE OF GUATEMALAN NEWSPAPERMEN =
WHO
WERE TURNED INTO PROPAGANDISTS. THEY PREPARED NEWSPAPER ARTICLES, =
PAMPHLETS
AND LEAFLETS. HUNT, H.J. (1974). UNDERCOVER 98
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA RADIO STATION "VOICE OF LIBERATION," (VOL). ITS =
SLOGAN
WAS TRABAJO, PAN, Y PATRIA--WORK, BREAD, AND COUNTRY. THE VOL FOCUSED =
ON
THE MESSAGE BY DOS THAT ON 15 JUNE THE M/S ALFHEM WAS LOADED WITH =
CZECH
MILITARY EQUIPMENT. VOL STRESSED THAT ARBENZ PLANNED THE DESTRUCTION =
OF THE
MILITARY AND WAS DISTRIBUTE THE WEAPONS TO A COUNTRYSIDE MILITIA. =
MILITARY
TO BE REPLACED BY A CIVILIAN PROLETARIAT CONSTABULARY. THIS CAUSED
DISSENSION BETWEEN ARBENZ AND MILITARY COMMANDERS. PHILLIPS, D.A. =
(1977).
THE NIGHT WATCH 43
GUATEMALA, 54 IN LATE MAY 54, C-47 DROPPED LEAFLETS OVER GUATEMALA =
CITY
INFORMING RESIDENTS DAY OF LIBERATION WAS AT HAND. LEAFLETS WERE ALSO
PUSHED UNDER HOUSE DOORS TELLING PEOPLE TO MAKE LIST OF COMMUNISTS SO =
THEY
COULD BE BROUGHT TO JUSTICE. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 309
GUATEMALA, 54 USIA PLANTED HUNDREDS OF ARTICLES ABROAD, WITH =
THOUSANDS OF
ANTI-ARBENZ CARTOONS AND POSTERS, JOHN DOHERTY NAMED A NEW COS IN
GUATEMALA. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS 346
GUATEMALA, 54 VOL ANNOUNCED IN FINAL BIG LIE THAT 2 COLUMNS OF REBEL
SOLDIERS CONVERGING ON GUATEMALA CITY. SIMULATED MILITARY MESSAGES
BROADCAST. THIS ON 27 JUNE. ARBENZ RESIGNED THAT NIGHT. PHILLIPS, D.A.
(1977). THE NIGHT WATCH 48
GUATEMALA, 54 WHAT MADE A DIFFERENCE [IN OVERTHROWING ARBENZ GVT] =
WAS
CHAOS "VOICE OF LIBERATION" CREATED. IT SNUGGLED UP TO STANDARD =
FREQUENCIES
AND MOURNED TREMENDOUS TROOP LOSES, TO SUGGEST LAKES HAD BEEN =
POISONED, AND
ENTIRE DIVISIONS WERE DEFECTING. FAKED SIGNALS AMONG ADVANCING HORDES,
"SPOOFING" ESTABLISHED MILITARY SIGNALS, ETC. ALL COORDINATED WITH
AMPLIFIERS AND JAMMING DEVICES ON EMBASSY ROOF. TAPES OF AIR ASSAULTS
BOOMED ACROSS CAPITAL. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS 350
GUATEMALA, COORDINATION, 54 LAST PHASE USED UNITED STATES =
INFORMATION
AGENCY. USIA PLACED 200 ARTICLES IN LATIN PRESS. MIGHTY WURLITZER. =
PRADOS,
J. (1986). PRESIDENTS' SECRET WARS 104
PSYWAR
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA'S "VOICE OF LIBERATION" RADIO OPERATORS SNUGGLED =
UP TO
FREQUENCIES GUATEMALAN RADIO STATIONS AND "SPOOFED" MILITARY SIGNALS,
SKILLFULLY PAINTED A PICTURE OF WAR AND UPHEAVAL. FABRICATED REPORTS =
OF
LARGE TROOP MOVEMENTS, FEARSOME BATTLES, MAJOR GUATEMALAN DEFEATS AND
GROWING REBEL STRENGTH FRIGHTENING AN ALREADY CONFUSED AND =
DISHEARTENED
PEOPLE. DL 234 FROM SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT
184-85
GUATEMALA, 54 PLAN ONE PART MILITARY ACTION AND NINE PARTS =
PROPAGANDA
AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE. POWERS, T. (1979). THE MAN WHO KEPT THE =
SECRETS
86-8
GUATEMALA 54 WELL-ORGANIZED RUMOR MILL USED IN OP SUCCESS. AMERICANS =
IN
CONTACT U.S. EMBASSY, AS WELL AS EMBASSY EMPLOYEES, BENIGNLY ASKED
GUATEMALAN FRIENDS IF IT TRUE THAT CRUISERS AND AIRCRAFT CARRIERS HAD
ANCHORED OFF COAST OR THAT PARATROOPERS HAD LANDED IN NORTH. RUMORS =
CAME
BACK WITHIN HOURS TO THE PEOPLE WHO HAD STARTED THEM, NEARLY ALWAYS
EXPANDED TO LUDICROUS PROPORTIONS. DL 236 FROM SCHLESINGER, S., & =
KINZER,
S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 192-93
PUBLICATION
=20
GUATEMALA, 54 UNITED FRUIT PUBLISHED NEWSPAPER "LATIN AMERICAN =
REPORT"
FOR JOURNALISTS, WRITTEN BY WILLIAM GAUDET WHO SAID TO BE CONNECTED TO =
BOTH
UNITED FRUIT AND CIA. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER =
FRUIT
82
GUATEMALA. VOICE OF LIBERATION GUATEMALA BROADCASTING FROM HONDURAS =
DURING
CIA-BACKED COUP. FREEMANTLE, B. (1983). CIA 169
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA'S DAVID PHILLIPS WAS BROUGHT IN FROM CHILE IN =
APRIL 54
TO HEAD REBEL RADIO STATION "LA VOZ DE LIBERACION." GLIEJESES, P. =
(1991).
SHATTERED HOPE 294
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA'S VOICE OF LIBERATION TRANSMITTERS FIRST IN =
NICARAGUA
AND THEN FROM HONDURAS AND DOMINICAN REPUBLIC KEPT UP A WAR OF NERVES.
STORIES THAT ARBENZ TO DISBAND MILITARY AND ARM ONLY PEASANTS AND =
PEOPLE'S
MILITIA, ETC. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS 348-9
LATIN AMERICA, 58-65 CIA GAVE COSTA RICA'S FIGUERES MONEY TO PUBLISH
JOURNAL "COMBATE," AND TO SPONSOR INSTITUTE OF POLITICAL EDUCATION IN =
C.R.
IN 11/59. INSTITUTE A TRAINING SCHOOL FOR POLITICAL PARTIES OF =
DEMOCRATIC
LEFT FROM C.R., CUBA (EXILE), DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (EXILE), GUATEMALA,
HONDURAS, NICARAGUA (EXILE), PANAMA, PERU AND VENEZUELA. CIA FUNDED =
THRU
SHELL FOUNDATION KAPLAN FUND NEXT TO INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL LABOR
RESEARCH (IILR) IN NEW YORK. SOCIALIST LEADER NORMAN THOMAS HEADED =
IILR WHO
CLAIMED HE IGNORANT OF CIA ROLE. FIGUERES CREATED INTER-AMERICAN =
SOCIAL
DEMOCRAT MOVEMENT (INADESMO) A FRONT TO DISPERSE FUNDS DIRECTLY. =
AMERINGER,
C.D. (1990). U.S. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE 256-7
RELIGION
CONVERGENCE OF VIEWS OF THE VATICAN AND THE U.S. CLOSE DURING 50-59 =
AND
NOWHERE MORE THAN IN LATIN AMERICA. POINT MAN FOR ENDEAVORS WAS =
CARDINAL
SPELLMAN WHO SERVED FOR 3 DECADES AS THE PRIMARY AMERICAN RESPONSIBLE =
FOR
LATIN AMERICA AS WELL AS THE INFORMAL ENVOY OF ROOSEVELT, TRUMAN AND
EISENHOWER. SPELLMAN PERSONALLY SELECTED BISHOPS FOR L.A. AND ORDERED =
THE
ARCHBISHOP OF BOGOTA, COLOMBIA, TO SUBMIT ALL STATEMENTS ABOUT THE =
U.S. TO
THE AMBASSADOR FOR APPROVAL. IN 54 SPELLMAN ACTED AS GO BETWEEN FOR =
THE
CIA AND GUATEMALAN BISHOP ROSSELL ARELLANO, WHOSE PASTORAL LETTER
CONDEMNING COMMUNISM WAS VITAL IN PREPARING FOR THE OVERTHROW OF =
ARBENZ'S
GVT. ROSSELL'S DEMAND FOR THE PEOPLE TO RISE AS A SINGLE MAN AGAINST =
THE
ENEMY OF GOD AND COUNTRY WAS READ IN EVERY CHURCH AND AIRDROPPED BY =
THE CIA
A FEW WEEKS BEFORE THE COUP. IN 62 A CIA REPORT CONCLUDED THE =
VATICAN WAS
BECOMING A LESS RELIABLE ALLY. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 10/85 =
P21
=20
GUATEMALA, 53-54 CATHOLIC OPS. CIA THRU FRANCIS CARDINAL SPELLMAN =
OF NEW
YORK CONTACTED ARCHBISHOP ARELLANO. ON 9 APRIL 54 A PASTORAL LETTER =
READ IN
ALL GUATEMALAN CHURCHES DEMANDED THAT THE "PEOPLE RISE AS A SINGLE MAN
AGAINST (COMMUNISM). CIA, HOWARD HUNT WROTE LATER, "AIR-DROPPED MANY
THOUSANDS OF LEAFLETS CARRYING THE PASTORAL LETTER INTO REMOTE AREAS =
OF
GUATEMALA." SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 155
GUATEMALA, 53-54 ARCHBISHOP ROSSELL Y ARELLANO SPEARHEADED EFFORT BY
CATHOLIC CHURCH TO DENOUNCE "ANTI-CHRISTIAN" GOV OF ARBENZ. =
INSTRUMENTAL IN
SPREADING NUMEROUS CIA INSPIRED RUMORS. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). =
SHATTERED
HOPE 287-288
GUATEMALA, 63-64 CIA ASKED CARDINAL SPELLMAN TO ARRANGE CONTACT =
WITH
ARCHBISHOP ARELLANO "SO WE COULD COORDINATE OUR PARALLEL EFFORTS." =
SPELLMAN
AGREED. ON 4/9/54, A PASTORAL LETTER READ IN ALL GUATEMALAN CHURCHES =
NOTED
COMMUNISM IN COUNTRY AND DEMANDED THAT "THE PEOPLE OF GUATEMALA...RISE =
AS A
SINGLE MAN AGAINST THE ENEMY OF GOD AND COUNTRY." CIA AIR-DROPPED MANY
THOUSANDS OF LEAFLETS CARRYING THE PASTORAL MESSAGE INTO REMOTE AREAS. =
DL
226 FROM SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 155
GUATEMALA, 54 A PASTORAL LETTER FROM THE CATHOLIC ARCHBISHOP OF =
4/4/54
DENOUNCING COMMUNISM HAD GALVANIZED RIGHT-WING OPPOSITION TO ARBENZ. =
ALSO
ARMAS WAS BLESSED BY THE PAPAL NUNCIO AS HE ARRIVED AT THE AIRPORT. A =
FLOOD
OF MISSIONARIES CAME TO GUATEMALA TO PREACH ANTI-COMMUNISM. NACLA =
(MAGAZINE
RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 4,5
GUATEMALA, 54 CARDINAL SPELLMAN ARRANGED CIA CONTACT BETWEEN A =
SENIOR
CHURCHMAN SO THE CIA COULD COORDINATE HIS EFFORTS WITH THE OVERTHROW =
OP.
ANTI-ARBENZ AND ANTI-COMMUNIST PASTORAL LETTERS WERE GIVEN WIDE
DISTRIBUTION IN L.A. PRESS. AND THOUSANDS OF LEAFLETS CARRYING THE =
PASTORAL
LETTERS WERE AIR-DROPPED INTO REMOTE AREAS. HUNT, H.J. (1974). =
UNDERCOVER
99
LATIN AMERICA, 87-91 GUATEMALA'S DECISIVE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION =
POINTS UP
BIG GAINS PROTESTANISM IS MAKING ALL ACROSS REGION AT EXPENSE OF ROMAN
CATHOLICISM. EVANGELICAL PROTESTANISM INCREASED FROM 15 MILLION TO AT =
LEAST
40 MILLION IN LATIN AMERICA. TIME 1/21/91 68
THIRD WORLD, 48-75 UNTIL 75 THE CIA ROUTINELY USED MISSIONARIES AND
CLERICS AS INFORMANTS. THIS ESPECIALLY TRUE IN CENTRAL AMERICA WHERE =
MOST
OF 14 DOCUMENTED CASES OF COLLABORATION OCCURRED. (THE HISTORIC =
CONFERENCE
OF LATIN AMERICAN BISHOPS HELD IN COLOMBIAN CITY OF MEDELLIN IN 68 SET =
THE
HEMISPHERE'S CATHOLIC CHURCH ON A NEW COURSE OF SOCIAL JUSTICE. CALLED =
THE
MEDELLIN CONFERENCE.) DURING THE COLD WAR U.S. MISSIONARIES ROUTINELY =
ON
THEIR RETURN TO THE U.S. VISITED THE STATE DEPT TO BE DEBRIEFED. A
PROTESTANT MISSIONARY IN BOLIVIA REGULARLY MET WITH A CIA AGENT TO =
PASS ON
ALL SORTS OF INFO ABOUT UNIONS FARMERS' COOPERATIVES. CIA REGULARLY =
VISITED
THE MARYKNOLL HQS IN NEW YORK UP TO 1970. CIA TRIED TO GET INFO FROM
MISSIONARIES IN THE FIELD BY DEVELOPING FRIENDSHIPS AND APPEARING TO =
ASK
DISINTERESTED QUESTIONS WITHOUT IDENTIFYING THEMSELVES AS CIA. IN =
GUATEMALA
A CIA AGENT USED HIS BACKGROUND AS A MARYKNOLL SEMINARIAN TO DEVELOP
CONTACTS WITH U.S. MISSIONARIES. THE CIA IN LATIN AMERICA SUPPORTED
RIGHT-WING CATHOLIC GROUPS. THE NATION 4/26/80 P494-496
=20
SPECIAL FORCES
=20
GUATEMALA, 66-68 ABOUT 1000 GREEN BERETS HELPED ARANA'S TROOPS ON
COUNTERINSURGENCY RAIDS. 8000 PEOPLE SLAIN. LERNOUX, P. (1982). CRY OF =
THE
PEOPLE 186
GUATEMALA, 66-68 GREEN BERETS CI CAMPAIGN LED TO SLAUGHTER OF =
PERHAPS
10,000 PEASANTS WITH HELP OF GREEN BERETS. NAPALM ALSO USED. CHOMSKY, =
N.
(1985). TURNING THE TIDE 155
GUATEMALA, 68 ADVISORS SENT TO GUATEMALA WORK WITH MILITARY AND
PARAMILITARY FORCES TO DESIGN BLOODY, EFFECTIVE REPRESSION OF =
INSURGENCY.
DICKEY, C. (1985). WITH THE CONTRAS 85
GUATEMALA, 68-82 TRAINED MILITARY DEATH SQUADS WHO USED "TERROR
TACTICS" FROM KILLING TO INDISCRIMINATE NAPALMING OF VILLAGES. SPECIAL
FORCES ALMOST CERTAINLY PARTICIPATED IN OPS DESPITE CONGRESSIONAL
PROHIBITION. MARSHALL, J., SCOTT P.D., & HUNTER, J. (1987). THE =
IRAN-CONTRA
CONNECTION 193
TERRORISM
GUATEMALA DEATH SQUADS, 66 REVOLUTION BROUGHT FULL-SCALE
COUNTERINSURGENCY TO ARMS, ADVISORS AND GREEN BERETS. STATE DEPT STUDY
SAID: "TO ELIMINATE FEW HUNDRED GUERRILLAS, THE GVT KILLED PERHAPS =
10,000
PEASANTS." KWITNY, J. (1984). ENDLESS ENEMIES 233
GUATEMALA, 50-72 IN OCT 66 ARANA (WITH INCREASING AMOUNTS OF U.S.
MILITARY AND POLICE AID TO GUATEMALA) WAS USING QUASI-MILITARY =
TERRORIST
UNITS IN GUERRILLA ZONES. IN COORDINATION WITH ARMY AND POLICE INTEL
APPARATUS, PM GROUPS WERE USED TO ROOT OUT GUERRILLA SYMPATHIZERS. =
JONES,
S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974). GUATEMALA 196
RAND CORPORATION, GUATEMALA. RAND ATTRIBUTED 60--82 SUCCESS OF U.S.
TRAINED GUATEMALAN MILITARY - DEATH SQUADS TO "THE PSYCHOLOGICAL =
IMPACT OF
TERROR TACTICS" FROM MURDER TO INDISCRIMINATE NAPALMING VILLAGES. =
MARSHALL,
J., SCOTT P.D., & HUNTER, J. (1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 193
REAGAN ADMINISTRATION LINKS WITH GUATEMALA'S TERRORIST GOVERNMENT. =
COVERT
ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) 4/81 16-21
THINK TANK
=20
RAND CORPORATION, GUATEMALA, 60-82 RAND ATTRIBUTED SUCCESS OF U.S.
TRAINED GUATEMALAN MILITARY DEATH SQUADS TO "THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT =
OF
TERROR TACTICS" FROM MURDER TO INDISCRIMINATE NAPALMING VILLAGES. =
MARSHALL,
J., SCOTT P.D., & HUNTER, J. (1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 193
TORTURE
CIA SET UP ANSESAL AND OTHER NETWORKS OF TERROR IN EL SALVADOR, =
GUATEMALA
(ANSEGAT) AND PRE-SANDINISTA NICARAGUA (ANSENIC). THE CIA CREATED,
STRUCTURED AND TRAINED SECRET POLICE IN SOUTH KOREA, IRAN, CHILE AND
URUGUAY, AND ELSEWHERE - ORGANIZATIONS RESPONSIBLE FOR UNTOLD =
THOUSANDS OF
TORTURES, DISAPPEARANCES, AND DEATHS. SPARK 4/85 P2-4
GUATEMALA, 63 SPECIAL FORCES CARRIED OUT INTENSIVE TRG OF LOCAL
PERSONNEL IN ANTI-GUERRILLA WARFARE, INTERROGATION AND SURVIVAL.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 247
GUATEMALA, 70-72 UNDER ARANA PRESIDENCY, WITH MARIO SANDOVAL ALARCON =
AND
OTHERS INVOLVED IN RIGHT-WING TERRORISM, ARANA UNLEASHED ONE OF THE =
MOST
GRUESOME SLAUGHTERS IN RECENT LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY (ONLY IN CHILE,
FOLLOWING THE COUP AGAINST ALLENDE WAS THE DEGREE OF VIOLENCE =
GREATER). THE
NYT REPORTED IN JUNE 71 THAT AT LEAST 2000 GUATEMALANS WERE =
ASSASSINATED
BETWEEN 11/70 AND 5/71; MOST CORPSES SHOWED SIGNS OF TORTURE. MOST OF
KILLING ATTRIBUTED TO THE OFFICIALLY SUPPORTED TERRORIST ORGS OJO POR =
OJO
(AN EYE FOR AN EYE) AND MANO BLANCA. JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). =
(1974).
GUATEMALA 202-3
GUATEMALA, 80-93 GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION/USA REPORT
"CONFRONTING THE HEART OF DARKNESS - AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON =
TORTURE
IN GUATEMALA." JUNE 93 99 PAGES
WATCH LIST
GUATEMALA, 54 DEATH SQUADS AND TARGET LISTS. SCHLESINGER, S., & =
KINZER,
S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 197, 207-8, 221
GUATEMALA, 54 GOAL OF CIA WAS APPREHENSION OF SUSPECTED COMMUNISTS =
AND
SYMPATHIZERS. AT CIA BEHEST, CASTILLO ARMAS CREATED COMMITTEE AND =
ISSUED
DECREE THAT EST. DEATH PENALTY FOR CRIMES INCLUDING LABOR UNION =
ACTIVITIES.
COMMITTEE GIVEN AUTHORITY DECLARE ANYONE COMMUNIST WITH NO RIGHT OF =
DEFENSE
OR APPEAL. BY 11/21/ 54 COMMITTEE HAD SOME 72,000 PERSONS ON FILE =
AND
AIMING TO LIST 200,000. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER =
FRUIT
221
GUATEMALA, 54 THE U.S. AMBASSADOR AFTER OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ GVT =
GAVE
LISTS OF RADICAL OPPONENTS TO BE ELIMINATED TO ARMAS'S GVT. NACLA 2/83 =
P4.
THE MILITARY CONTINUED UP TO AT LEAST 79 TO USE A LIST OF 72,000
PROSCRIBED OPPONENTS, DRAWN UP FIRST IN 54. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN
AMERICA) 2/83 P13
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER ARMAS MADE PRESIDENT, LABOR CODE FORGOTTEN AND =
WORKER
ORGANIZERS BEGAN DISAPPEARING FROM UNITED FRUIT PLANTATIONS. HERSH, B.
(1992). THE OLD BOYS 353
GUATEMALA, 81-89 ISRAELI KNESSET MEMBER GEN. PELED SAID IN CENTRAL
AMERICA ISRAEL IS `DIRTY WORK' CONTRACTOR FOR U.S. HELPED GUATEMALA =
REGIME
WHEN CONGRESS BLOCKED REAGAN ADM. ISRAELI FIRM TADIRAN (THEN PARTLY
U.S.-OWNED) SUPPLIED GUATEMALAN MILITARY WITH COMPUTERIZED INTEL =
SYSTEM TO
TRACK POTENTIAL SUBVERSIVES. THOSE ON COMPUTER LIST HAD AN EXCELLENT =
CHANCE
OF BEING "DISAPPEARED." IT "AN ARCHIVE AND COMPUTER FILE ON =
JOURNALISTS,
STUDENTS, LEADERS, LEFTISTS, POLITICIANS AND SO ON." COMPUTER SYSTEM =
MAKING
UP DEATH LISTS. COCKBURN, A. & COCKBURN, L. (1991). DANGEROUS LIAISON =
219
GUATEMALA, 54 DOS SECRETARY DULLES TOLD AMBASSADOR PEURIFOY TO HAVE =
THE
GVT SCOUR THE COUNTRYSIDE FOR COMMUNISTS AND TO SLAP THEM WITH =
CRIMINAL
CHARGES. A FEW MONTHS LATER THE GVT BEGAN TO PERSECUTE HUNDREDS FOR =
VAGUE
COMMUNIST CRIMES. THE NATION 10/28/78 444
WEAPONRY
GUATEMALA, 53-54 IN OP PBSUCCESS CIA CREATED DUMMY ARMS COMPANY,
INTERNATIONAL ARMAMENT CORPORATION (INTERARMCO) TO SERVE AS CONDUIT =
FOR
ARMS TO NICARAGUA AND HONDURAS. CIA USED VARIETY DUMMY ORGANIZATIONS =
TO
SEND PLANES TO REBELS. NATIONAL GUARD UNITS IN SOUTHERN U.S. LOANED =
PLANES
TO CIA, WHICH RENTED THEM TO NICARAGUA FOR ONE DOLLAR EACH. AIR FORCE =
OF A
DOZEN PLANES. TREVERTON, G. (1987). COVERT ACTION 63
GUATEMALA, 53 CIA WITH UNITED FRUIT SUPPLIED RIGHT WING ARMY =
OFFICERS
WITH WEAPONS. THEY RAIDED A PROVINCIAL TOWN AND WERE OVERCOME. CIA'S =
ROLE
IN AFFAIR NOT REVEALED IN TRIAL. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983).
BITTER FRUIT 103
GUATEMALA, 54 ARBENZ ARRANGED TO BUY ARMS FROM CZECHOSLOVAKIA WHOSE
ARRIVAL IN GUATEMALA USED AS EXCUSE TO OVERTHROW HIS GVT. KWITNY, J.
(1984). ENDLESS ENEMIES 226
GUATEMALA, 54 INTERNATIONAL OUTCRY OVER GUATEMALA'S PURCHASE OF =
ARMS
FROM CZECHOSLOVAKIA. US LEAKED STORY. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. =
(1983).
BITTER FRUIT 10
GUATEMALA, 54 OPERATION FORTUNE, A CIA PLAN TO SMUGGLE ARMS TO =
ARBENZ
OPPONENTS VIA UNITED FRUIT BOATS. PLANS CANCELLED BY STATE DEPT.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 92
GUATEMALA, 82-83 THE CIA PROVIDED RIFLES AND LASER-BEAM RIFLE =
SIGHTS FOR
GENERAL RIOS MONTT'S CIVIL PATROLS. THE PROGRESSIVE 9/86 P7
GUATEMALA, 82 MASS TRANSIT SYSTEMS CORP OF PHILADELPHIA HAS BEEN
SUPPLYING THE GUATEMALAN GVT WITH LASER-AIMED RIFLE SIGHTS FOR SEVERAL
YEARS. MASS TRANSIT HAS DONE CONTRACT ARMS SHIPMENTS FOR THE CIA. CIA
RECORDS INDICATE THE RELATIONSHIP EXISTED SINCE 81. MASS T. WAS
INCORPORATED IN DELAWARE IN 78 FOR THE "PROMOTION AND SALE OF
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT AND RELATED PARTS AND SUPPLIES." THE CIA =
ALSO
WITH THE PENTAGON ARRANGED FOR 10 U.S. M-41 TANKS FOR DELIVERY TO =
GUATEMALA
FROM BELGIUM VIA THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. IN JULY 85 A CIA-APPROVED
SHIPMENT OF 40 ASSAULT RIFLES WITH 1000 GRENADE LAUNCHERS WERE =
DELIVERED
FROM ISRAEL. THE PROGRESSIVE 5/86 P20-2
INTERARMCO, 54 THRU FORMER CIA EMPLOYEE SAMUEL CUMMINGS CIA SET UP =
DUMMY
ARMS CO CALLED INTERNATIONAL ARMAMENT CORPORATION AND ENDOWED CO WITH =
OVER
$100,000. COM THEN BEGAN TO SUPPLY ARMS TO CIA-ORGANIZED LIBERATION =
ARMY OF
GUATEMALA. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 115
ISRAEL, CENTRAL AMERICA, 80-86 HARARI PART OF ISRAELI ARMS NET IN
GUATEMALA AND EL SALVADOR IN 80-83 AND TO CONTRAS IN 83-85. WITH =
HUNDREDS
TONS ARMS FROM PLO STOCKS SHIPPED AT REQUEST OF DCI CASEY. HARARI PART =
OF
NORIEGA BUSINESS. MOVED COCAINE FROM COLOMBIA TO PANAMA. THERE AN =
"ARMS
SUPERMARKET," A SERIES OF WAREHOUSES IN HONDURAN CITY OF SAN PEDRO =
SULA.
NEWSWEEK REPORTED SUPERMARKET'S PARTNERSHIP AS A COLLECTION OF =
LONGTIME CIA
ARMS MERCHANTS, AGENTS OF MOSSAD'S SECRET SERVICE, AND INTEL ARM OF
HONDURAN MILITARY. COCKBURN, A. & COCKBURN, L. (1991). DANGEROUS =
LIAISON
254-55
ISRAEL, GUATEMALA. 77-85 PASAKH BEN OR, AN ISRAELI IN GUATEMALA, =
SOLD SO
MANY ISRAELI ARMS IN GUATEMALA THERE NOTHING LEFT TO BUY. COCKBURN, A. =
& =20
COCKBURN, L. (1991). DANGEROUS LIAISON 221
WEAPONRY, PLANTED
GUATEMALA, 52-54 IN MIDST OF STEVENSON'S 52 CAMPAIGN FOR PRESIDENT,
MIGUEL A. MAGANA OF EL SALVADOR GAVE BERLE EVIDENCE THAT GUATEMALAN =
REGIME
HAD IMPORTED CZECHOSLOVAK ARMS AND THAT IT CONSTITUTED "CLEAR-CUT
INTERVENTION" BY USSR. FROM AN ANTI-GVT SOURCE, BERLE HEARD COMMUNISTS
USING TORTURE AND ASSASSINATION AGAINST OPPOSITION; FROM CIA HE =
LEARNED
THAT A SHIPMENT OF ARMS FROM POLAND HAD LANDED IN GUATEMALA AND GUNS =
WERE
BEING DISTRIBUTED TO PEASANTS NOT THE ARMY. BERLE DESCRIBED FOR NEW =
YORK
TIMES MAGAZINE THE COMMUNIST THREAT TO LATIN AMERICA, HINTING "IT =
WOULD
TAKE MORE THAN DIPLOMATIC MACHINERY..." BERLE WAS NOT PRIVY TO CIA =
PLANS.
SCHWARTZ, J. (1987). LIBERAL: ADOLF A. BERLE AND THE VISION OF AN =
AMERICAN
ERA 314
GUATEMALA, 54 PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN TO OVERTHROW ARBENZ HIGHLIGHTED =
TO
SEMI PUBLIC MILITARY PREPARATIONS GOING ON IN HONDURAS, ACTUAL AND
FICTIONAL ARMS DROPS, BORDER INTRUSIONS INTO GUATEMALA, AND DIRECT =
APPEALS
TO GUATEMALAN MILITARY OFFICERS. CORSON, W.R. (1977). ARMIES OF =
IGNORANCE
354
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA PLANES PARACHUTED RUSSIAN-MADE ARMS TO MAKE THE =
CLAIM
THAT THE SOVIETS WERE TRYING TO ESTABLISH A BEACHHEAD. COMMANDO RAIDS =
BY
CIA OPERATIVES KNOCKED OUT RAILROAD LINES, A FEW SHIPS AND SOME =
TRAINS. THE
NATION 10/28/78 P443
GUATEMALA, NICARAGUA, 54 CIA COLLABORATED WITH SOMOZA IN PLANTING =
CASES
OF RIFLES ALONG NICARAGUAN COAST. FOSTER DULLES LEAKED TO NEWSMEN THAT =
THE
ARMS FORESHADOWED INVASION OF HONDURAS. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS =
346
HONDURAS, 70 IN ITS BATTLE WITH EL SALVADOR MCCANN, A PR PERSON WITH
UNITED FRUIT, TOLD A TOP HONDURAN OFFICIAL TO PLACE SOME RUSSIAN OR =
CHINESE
WEAPONS IN HANDS OF DEAD SALVADORAN SOLDIERS, AND THEN ANNOUNCED
"DISCOVERY" TO PRESS WITH PICTURES. AATT 168. NEW YORK TIMES REPORTED =
ON
WEAPONS SHIPMENT TO GUATEMALA THAT BORE HAMMER AND SICKLE MARKINGS - A
FAMILIAR CIA TACTIC ONE THAT MCCANN, A UNITED FRUIT EMPLOYEE, USED =
HIMSELF.
MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 59
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA STASHED MANY ARMS IN CANAL ZONE. OTHER CIA UNITS
GATHERED SOVIET-MARKED WEAPONS TO PLANT INSIDE GUATEMALA JUST BEFORE
INVASION TO REINFORCE AMERICAN CHARGES THAT RUSSIANS TRYING TO =
ESTABLISH A
FOOTHOLD. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 115
GUATEMALA 54 AN UNMARKED PLANE ON 8 JUNE PARACHUTED ARMS ON THE =
PACIFIC
COAST OF GUATEMALA. ARMS HAD SOVIET MARKINGS. SCHLESINGER, S., & =
KINZER, S.
(1983). BITTER FRUIT 9
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA STARTED TO PLANT BOXES OF RIFLES WITH CONSPICUOUS
SOVIET MARKINGS NEAR NICARAGUA'S PACIFIC COAST AND TO ARRANGE FOR =
THEIR
DISCOVERY BY NICARAGUAN POLICE. NICARAGUA'S DICTATOR COOPERATED WITH =
THE
RUSE AND TOLD DIPLOMATIC COMMUNITY THAT POLICE HAD LOCATED A SOVIET =
WEAPON
SHIPMENT. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 150
GUATEMALA, 54 PR DIRECTOR UNITED FRUIT WHILE OUTLINING SUCCESS OF
COMPANY'S CAMPAIGN TO CONTROL PRESS DURING COUP GUATEMALA OBSERVES =
"THE
PHONY WEAPONS PLOY" WAS USED IN GUATEMALA IN 54 AS IN VIETNAM THROUGH =
60S.
CHOMSKY, N. (1985). TURNING THE TIDE 120
NICARAGUA, GUATEMALA, 54 TO DEMONSTRATE SOVIET ARMING OF GUATEMALA, =
CIA
PLANTED SOVIET MARKED ARMS CACHE ON NICARAGUA'S PACIFIC COAST IN MAY =
54.
SOMOZA FLAUNTED "DISCOVERY" FOR PRESS. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED
HOPE 294
WHITE PAPER
GUATEMALA, 54 DOS ISSUED WHITE PAPER WHICH USED INFO FROM A =
CIA-BACKED
BOOK. SECOND REPORT OF STATE DEPT. CALLED "INTERVENTION OF =
INTERNATIONAL
COMMUNISM IN GUATEMALA," ALSO USED SOME CIA-BACKED BOOK MATERIAL.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 95
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<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Don:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Good bibliography on our operations in =
Guatemala. Stuff=20
like this answers the question of "why do they hate us". =
Propagandist like=20
Bernays is one of the reasons that democracy is almost dead. All =
is mind=20
control these days. Disagree and your are a 'commie' or 'soft on=20
terrorists' or a 'liberal' or some other prerogative.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>I hope that you continue to post more information =
and not be=20
intimidated by Mike. Some of your statements in your letter were right =
on, for=20
example: "<FONT size=3D2>Propaganda, deceit, emotion, self-deception and =
delusion=20
are special interests of mine.... I'm also interested in aggression..... =
This=20
forum, as well as most others, very effectively demonstrates the topics =
I'm=20
interested in." I for one would like to hear more from you. =
I liked=20
the way that you provided the documentation on Guatemala. If you =
would=20
like to see Mike go into orbit then provide the same documentation on =
the=20
Israel-US-Palestine conflict.</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Some thoughts on "why do they hate us" ; We =
Americans are=20
shocked, frightened, angry and don't understand the motive about the WTC =
and the=20
anthrax attacks but over half of the worlds population are cheering them =
on. I think that we better start asking ourselves why they feel =
this=20
way. The propaganda America puts out sounds really great but the =
reality=20
of what is done in this country and in foreign countries is not very =
good. =20
We need to take off the propaganda colored sunglasses and see the =
truth. =20
Thanks Don for your small attempt to lift those sunglasses.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Bill</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>PS- sorry for the poorly written letter but I am not =
feeling=20
very well today.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE=20
style=3D"BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: =
0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: =
black"><B>From:</B>=20
<A href=3D"mailto:dlaird1@austin.rr.com" =
title=3Ddlaird1@austin.rr.com>Don=20
Laird</A> </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A=20
href=3D"mailto:austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net"=20
=
title=3Daustin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net>austin-ghetto-list@pairlist.net</=
A>=20
</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, October 24, =
2001 9:07=20
AM</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> CIA and =
Guatemala</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Michael Eisenstadt said, in an unsigned message,=20
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>"Of course you do realize that he had NOTHING =
to do=20
with CIA activity in Guatemala in 1954. And you do realize that =
the Jew=20
Bernays was somewhere lurking around behind the bad stuff the gummint =
was=20
doing in 1954."</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT=20
=
size=3D2> &nbs=
p;  =
; =
&=
nbsp; &n=
bsp; =20
-----------------------------</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Something I do enjoy doing is exposing lies. =
In this=20
particular case, however, I'm confident that Mike is not lying. =20
Unfortunately, that can't really be interpreted as a compliment this=20
time. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Propaganda, deceit, emotion, self-deception and =
delusion are=20
special interests of mine, and the attached file of entries on the CIA =
and=20
Guatemala discuss or imply each of my special interests. I'm =
also=20
interested in aggression, which combined with the other interests, =
helps to=20
explain much human behavior, especially negative behavior so commonly =
engaged=20
in by males. </FONT> <FONT size=3D2>Like =
terrorism.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>One of the lies is the whole book written by =
Ronald=20
Schneider, employed by the Un. of PA right-wing cold-war think tank, =
the=20
FPRI. Right-wingers, like FBI and CIA agents, seem happy =
enough to=20
engage in lying as readily as in assassinating. This forum, as =
well as=20
most others, very effectively demonstrates the topics I'm interested =
in. =20
I've interpreted that Mike's extremism directed toward me related to =
the stock=20
market immediately after my first posts that identified problems of =
the U.S.=20
government was founded on his powerful emotional response to my =
federal=20
government statements. In fact he effectively acknowledged that=20
in a recent post.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Regarding Bernays, I soft-pedalled my =
characterization of=20
him. Paid about $100,000 a year by United Fruit for his PR=20
consultations, Bernays did more that to help cover up the U.S =
overthrow of=20
Guatemala. I believe he was actually directly involved in the =
planning=20
of its overthrow. References to Bernays are found below =
under=20
headings Corporate Involvement (2), Deception (1), Domestic Op (1), =
and Media=20
(2). I included a long list because it has some pretty =
interesting data=20
in it. Jeb Bush can be found involved, as can =
Israel.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>As for Bernays being a Jew, so is George Soros, =
who promotes=20
democracy. Soros is hated by many Congressmen and others for =
that very=20
characteristic. Noam Chomsky is also a Jew. Those who=20
intentionally mispell his name, or anyone's name, generally are making =
a=20
general, non-specific hostile comment. It's similar to calling a =
schoolboy a name. You don't have to think, analyze, or =
evaluate. =20
You just attack, generally, so there's nothing specific=20
to disprove. Noam Chomsky is called a "USA hater" by many =
who=20
attack in that way. Such labelling is used by propagandists and =
can be=20
extremely effective, as in the ATF/FBI/federalgovernment/media =
labelling the=20
Branch Davidians a cult.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>So I will continue to expose the sourced =
facts about=20
my government and country, including the plutonium medical =
experiments,=20
unless, of course, you come down on freedom of speech. =
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>With affection to some, </FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT =
size=3D2>donadelusionalselfdeceivingagressivemale </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2> </FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<H2>Entries from CIBASE regarding the CIA and Guatemala</H2><PRE> =
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA NEGOTIATED SALE OF AIR FORCE PLANES TO NICARAGUAN =
AIR
FORCE, CIA PILOTS USED PLANES TO FLY SORTIES IN GUATEMALA. POWERS, T.
(1979). THE MAN WHO KEPT THE SECRETS 87
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA PROVIDED EXILES WITH MORE THAN 30 PLANES FOR USE =
IN
OVERTHROW OP. MEDICAL INSTITUTE SET UP TO COVER CIA INVOLVEMENT. BF =
17,
115-116, 171-2, 182, 193
GUATEMALA, 54 SMALL CIA AIR FORCE OF 47 THUNDERBOLTS BOMBED =
GUATEMALA,
EISENHOWER'S AMBASSADOR TO UN. CATEGORICALLY DENIED ANY U.S. =
INVOLVEMENT IN
COUP. WISE, D. (1973). THE POLITICS OF LYING 51
GUATEMALA, 54 TO SUPPORT OVERTHROW. PRADOS, J. (1986). PRESIDENTS'
SECRET WARS 105-07
GUATEMALA, 60 CIA PROVIDED BOMBERS PILOTED BY CUBAN EXILES TO =
ATTACK
DISSIDENT ARMY PERSONNEL. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). =
BITTER
FRUIT 239
GUATEMALA. SHEEP-DIPPED AIR FORCE PERSONNEL BOMBED AND STRAFED THE =
REBEL
HQS TO SAVE THE YDIGORAS GVT. PROUTY, L.F. (1973). THE SECRET TEAM 41
GUATEMALA, 54 IN OVERTHROW EISENHOWER ENLISTED ALL AMBASSADORS IN =
THE
AREA, GAVE A ROLE TO USIS, AS WELL AS THE US ARMY AND NAVY AND THE =
CIA. HE
ASKED EVERY DICTATOR IN THE AREA; I.E., TRUJILLO, BATISTA, SOMOZA, =
JIMENEZ,
AND OTHERS IN HONDURAS AND EL SALVADOR TO JOIN A REGION-WIDE SEIGE. =
THE
NATION 10/28/78 P44O
ASSASSINATIONS
GUATEMALA, 54 ONE INFORMER-PROVOCATEUR REPORTED SUCCESS ON "ONE =
CAMPAIGN
TO TERRORIZE COMMUNIST LEADERS." HIS GROUP HARASSED PRO-ARBENZ LEADERS =
IN
GUATEMALAN CONGRESS. AFTER ONE LEADER SHOT, NOTES SAYING, YOU ARE =
NEXT, ARE
PLANTED IN CARS OR MAILED TO HOMES OF OTHER DEPUTIES. COOK, B. (1981). =
THE
DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 265
JACK ANDERSON REPORTS CIA OPS OF SENDING ARMS TO REBELS IN =
AFGHANISTAN;
SUPPORTING EGYPT AND TURKEY IN OPS AGAINST IRAN; BACKING THE POL POT =
FORCES
IN CAMBODIA; TRAINING CUBAN ASSASSINATION SQUADS IN GUATEMALA AND =
WORKING
WITH ISRAEL TO DISRUPT THE PLO. WP 8/27/81 FROM PARAPOLITICS/USA =
10/31/81
P7
GUATEMALA, 53-54 ARBENZ GVT BEGAN LEGAL EXPROPRIATION OF 178,000 =
ACRES OF
UNITED FRUIT COMPANY LAND. UF ASKED FOR 16 MILLION, ARBENZ OFFERED A
24-YEAR BOND VALUED AT $525,000. VALUE LOW AS IT BASED ON VALUE =
COMPANY HAD
PLACED ON PROPERTY FOR TAX PURPOSES. UF DISTRIBUTED SEVERAL HUNDRED =
COPIES
OF BOOK, REPORT ON NICARAGUA, THAT BEGAN: "A MOSCOW-DIRECTED COMMUNIST
CONSPIRACY IN CENTRAL AMERICA IS ONE OF SOVIET UNION'S MOST SUCCESSFUL
OPERATIONS OF INFILTRATION OUTSIDE OF IRON CURTAIN COUNTRIES." AUTHOR
REFUSED TO HAVE NAME ON BOOK. COPIES DISTRIBUTED TO EVERY MEMBER OF
CONGRESS WHO WOULD ACCEPT IT. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: =
THE
TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 49
GUATEMALA, 54 DOCUMENTS REMOVED FROM GUATEMALA IN JULY 54. PART OF
CLEANUP OF STATE DEPT-CIA OP A COMMITTEE "SEIZED FILES OF ALL
COMMUNIST-INFILTRATED ORGS AND LEADING FIGURES OF ARBENZ REGIME." =
50,000
DOCS MICROFILMED USED TO FORM BASIS OF BOOK, "COMMUNISM IN GUATEMALA,"
1944-1954, BY RONALD M. SCHNEIDER - PUBLISHED BY FREDERICK A. PRAEGER
SERIES IN RUSSIAN HISTORY AND WORLD COMMUNISM (1958), SUBSEQUENTLY =
REVEALED
TO BE A CIA-SPONSORED PROJECT UNDER FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE =
OF
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. COOK, B. (1981). THE DECLASSIFIED =
EISENHOWER
375-76 N 2
GUATEMALA, 44-54 COLD-WAR SCHOLAR RONALD SCHNEIDER PUBLISHED IN 58 =
A
SCHOLARLY ACCOUNT OF THE COMMUNIST TAKEOVER UNDER ARBENZ "COMMUNISM IN
GUATEMALA." SCHNEIDER GIVEN ACCESS TO MORE THAN 50,000 INTERNAL DOCS. =
BOOK
MADE NO MENTION OF U.S. ROLE IN OVERTHROW GVT. WHEN HE WROTE BOOK =
SCHNEIDER
EMPLOYED BY THE U. OF PENNSYLVANIA'S RIGHT-WING COLD-WAR THINK TANK, =
THE
FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE (FPRI). IT CLAIMED SCHNEIDER GOT =
DOCS
THRU THE STATE DEPT, IT MORE LIKELY THAT HIS CONTACTS WERE THE CIA, =
WHICH
WAS FUNDING THE FPRI. JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974). =
GUATEMALA
83-4
GUATEMALA, 52-55 UNITED FRUIT PAID CLEMENTS TO WRITE STUDY "REPORT =
ON
GUATEMALA-1952" AND SENT IT TO MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. SOME OF ITS =
DEFAMATORY
RESEARCH FOUND ITS WAY INTO STATE DEPARTMENTS'S WHITE PAPER ON =
GUATEMALA
ISSUED IN 1954. IN 53 CLEMENTS PUT TOGETHER ANOTHER DOCUMENT, A SHRILL
PROTEST AGAINST AMERICA'S REFUSAL TO REMOVE THE GUATEMALAN GVT CALLED
"REPORT ON CENTRAL AMERICA 1954". BOTH CLEMENT'S WORKS RCVD BY CIA =
WHICH
TOOK CHARGE DISTRIBUTING TO GVT OFFICIALS AS CIA'S OWN. SCHLESINGER, =
S., & =20
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 95
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER CIA-BACKED COUP CIA COUNTERINTEL OFFICERS SENT =
TO
GUATEMALA TO GATHER COMMIE DOCUMENTS. GATHERED OVER 50,000 FILES WHICH
LATER FORMED THE BASIS OF HISTORIAN RONALD SCHNEIDER'S BOOK "COMMUNISM =
IN
GUATEMALA," PUBLISHED IN 59 AS "OFFICIAL" HISTORY OF THE GUATEMALAN =
COUP.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 220
GUATEMALA, 54 DANIEL JAMES PUBLISHED A BOOK "RED DESIGN FOR THE
AMERICAS" WHICH OFFERED A RATIONALE FOR OVERTHROWING ARBENZ GVT. CIA
INDIRECTLY PLAYED ROLE IN PRODUCTION OF BOOK: JAMES PUBLISHER, JOHN =
DAY,
WAS LATER UNMASKED AS A CONDUIT OF CIA. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, =
S.
(1983). BITTER FRUIT 89
BRIBERY
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA ATTEMPTED BRIBE ARMY OFFICERS TO DEFECT. =
SCHLESINGER,
S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 139
GUATEMALA, 54 OVERTHROW OP HAD ITS OWN BUDGET AND COST BETWEEN 5 =
AND 7
MILLION. FT. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S SPIES 226
GUATEMALA, 54 IN 51 ARBENZ ELECTED. 2% PEOPLE OWNED 70% OF LAND. =
UNITED
FRUIT EXPLOITED WORKFORCE. IN 3/53 CIA BACKED RIGHT WINGERS WITH MONEY =
AND
ARMS, BUT UPRISING FAILED. 5/54 CIA USED CZECH SHIPMENT OF ARMS AS =
PRETEXT.
PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN MOUNTED IN LATIN AMERICAN PRESS THAT ARBENZ A
COMMUNIST. BLEDOWSKA, C., & BLOCH, J. (1987). KGB/CIA 56-7
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA PLANES PARACHUTED RUSSIAN-MADE ARMS TO MAKE THE =
CLAIM
THAT THE SOVIETS WERE TRYING TO ESTABLISH A BEACHHEAD. COMMANDO RAIDS =
BY
CIA OPERATIVES KNOCKED OUT RAILROAD LINES, A FEW SHIPS AND SOME =
TRAINS. THE
NATION 10/28/78 P443
GUATEMALA, CIRCA 50 USIA IN GUATEMALA ESTABLISHES ANTI-ARBENZ NEWS
SERVICE WHICH DISTRIBUTED BLACK PROPAGANDA LABELLING GVT OFFICIALS AND
LABOR LEADERS COMMUNISTS. BARRY, T., & PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD =
IN CENTRAL
AMERICA 20
GUATEMALA, 54 USIA AKA USIS MOBILIZED ALL RESOURCES SUPPORT =
OVERTHROW OP
TRIED CONVINCE OAS THERE COMMUNIST THREAT. FLOODED CENTRAL AMER WITH
PAMPHLETS, TAPE RECORDINGS, PLANTED STORIES NEWSPAPERS AND RADIO =
PROGRAMS
ALL DESIGNED TO PROVE ARBENZ A COMMUNIST. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S
SPIES 227
GUATEMALA. ARMS SHIPMENT 54 FOSTER DULLES ANNOUNCED ARMS SHIPMENT =
RECV IN
GUATEMALA FROM CZECHOSLOVAKIA AND ALLEN DULLES SAID COMMUNISTS TRYING =
EST
FOOTHOLD IN CENTRAL AMERICA. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S SPIES 216
GUATEMALA, COORDINATION, 54 USIA MOBILIZED ALL RESOURCES TO =
CONVINCE OAS
THAT THERE GENUINE COMMUNIST THREAT GUATEMALA. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). =
IKE'S
SPIES 227
GUATEMALA, 54-74 IN THE 20 YEARS AFTER THE 54 COUP, THE US PAID OUT =
$50
MILLION TO TRAIN THE MOST EFFICIENT MILITARY MACHINE IN C.A. AND FROM =
THE
LATE 60S, THIS MACHINE REPRESSED ALL OPPOSITION WITH SAVAGERY. WALL =
STREET
JOURNAL 2/24/83
GUATEMALA, 54-74 U.S. ATTEMPTS TO CONTAIN THE CLASS STRUGGLE AND TO
MAINTAIN GUATEMALA AS A PRESERVE FOR U.S. INVESTORS AMBIGUOUS. AMID AN
UNPRECEDENTED ECONOMIC BOOM FOR A TINY GROUP OF PRODUCERS AND =
EXPORTERS,
CONDITIONS FOR THE VAST MAJORITY ARE STEADILY WORSENING. FOR ADD =
DETAILS
SEE JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974). GUATEMALA 120
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER CIA OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ GVT A LENGTHY REIGN OF
TERROR FOLLOWED. 70% OF PEOPLE DISENFRANCHISED WHICH DENIED =
ILLITERATES THE
RIGHT TO VOTE. LABOR AND UNION RIGHTS WERE REPEALED AND 800,000 ACRES =
LAND
HANDED BACK TO UNITED FRUIT. BLEDOWSKA, C., & BLOCH, J. (1987). =
KGB/CIA 59
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER THE CIA-LED COUP, ARMAS, UNDER US PRESSURE BEGAN =
TO
PERSECUTE HUNDREDS FOR VAGUE COMMUNIST CRIMES; HE RESCINDED THE =
AGRARIAN
REFORM LAWS, HANDED BACK ALL OF UNITED FRUIT'S SEIZED LAND, AND =
ESTABLISHED
A RUTHLESS AUTHORITARIAN REGIME. GUATEMALA'S FRAGILE DEMOCRACY WAS
IRREPARABLY SHATTERED. SUCCESSIVE COUPS, FIXED ELECTIONS AND RIGHTIST
REGIMES FOLLOWED. THE NATION 10/28/78 P444
GUATEMALA, 54 BRIEF ARTICLE ON ANNIVERSARY OF CIA-ORCHESTRATED COUP =
IN
GUATEMALA. PHIL ROETINGER WRITES THAT HE WAS IN CIA AT TIME AND HELPED
OVERTHROW THE GVT. CIA RECRUITED A TRAITOR WITHIN ARBENZ GVT WHO =
CONVINCED
ARBENZ TO ABDICATE TO PREVENT LOSS OF LIFE - THIS TRAITOR LATER =
INSTALLED
AS PRESIDENT AND STILL LATER WAS ASSASSINATED. GUATEMALA HAS BEEN =
RULED BY
VICIOUS DICTATORS SINCE. UNCLASSIFIED 8/94 20
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA-SPONSORED TAKEOVER HAD IMMENSE LONG-RANGE =
CONSEQUENCES
FOR THE US. THE NATION 10/28/78 P439
GUATEMALA, 60-90 HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS SAY AT LEAST 40,000 GUATEMALANS
"DISAPPEARED" IN LAST 3 DECADES. MOST WERE POOR INDIANS. =
ANTHROPOLOGISTS,
LED BY CLYDE SNOW, DUG AWAY AT A VILLAGE SITE. MARIA LOPEZ HAD A =
HUSBAND
AND A SON IN ONE GRAVE. SHE SAID ON MORNING OF VALENTINE'S DAY 82, =
MEMBERS
OF ANTI-GUERRILLA MILITIA TOOK HER HUSBAND AND OTHERS. THEY HAD =
REFUSED TO
JOIN MILITIAS KNOWN AS CIVIL SELF-DEFENSE PATROLS AND WERE KILLED. SIX
KNOWN CLANDESTINE GRAVES IN SAN JOSE PACHO. HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS BLAME =
MOST
DISAPPEARANCES ON ARMY-RUN CIVIL SELF-DEFENSE PATROLS SET UP UNDER
PRESIDENCIES OF GEN LUCAS GARCIA AND BRIG. GEN. RIOS MONTT. THERE ARE
HUNDREDS OF CLANDESTINE GRAVES FILLED WITH VICTIMS OF THE MILITIAS,
RIGHT-WING DEATH SQUADS AND BRUTAL COUNTERINSURGENCY CAMPAIGNS. =
WASHINGTON
TIMES 8/5/92 A9
GUATEMALA, 66-88 U.S. MILITARY ADVISERS HELPED IN CI CAMPAIGN THAT
VIRTUALLY WIPED OUT 8000 PEASANT LIVES IN 2 YEARS. ALLOWED THE POLICE =
TO
DISMEMBER OPPOSITION NEWSPAPERS, THE UNIVERSITY AND POLITICAL ORGS. =
NACLA
(MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P8
GUATEMALA, 70-72 UNDER ARANA PRESIDENCY, WITH MARIO SANDOVAL ALARCON =
AND
OTHERS INVOLVED IN RIGHT-WING TERRORISM, ARANA UNLEASHED ONE OF THE =
MOST
GRUESOME SLAUGHTERS IN RECENT LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY (ONLY IN CHILE,
FOLLOWING THE COUP AGAINST ALLENDE WAS THE DEGREE OF VIOLENCE =
GREATER). THE
NYT REPORTED IN JUNE 71 THAT AT LEAST 2000 GUATEMALANS WERE =
ASSASSINATED
BETWEEN 11/70 AND 5/71; MOST CORPSES SHOWED SIGNS OF TORTURE. MOST OF
KILLING ATTRIBUTED TO THE OFFICIALLY SUPPORTED TERRORIST ORGS OJO POR =
OJO
(AN EYE FOR AN EYE) AND MANO BLANCA. JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. =
(EDS.). (1974).
GUATEMALA 202-3
GUATEMALA, 78-85 THE GUATEMALAN ARMY, BACKED BY THE U.S., HAS =
KILLED
PERHAPS 100,000 UNARMED CIVILIANS SINCE 78. THE PROGRESSIVE 7/86 P6
GUATEMALA, 80-85 SEE ARTICLE IN NACLA "UNDER THE GUN," ABOUT THE
MILITARY'S DOMINATION OF GUATEMALA FOR THE LAST THREE DECADES. NACLA
(MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 12/85 P10-23
GUATEMALA, 80-92 GUATEMALA HAS POLITICAL MODERNIZATION AND A RETURN =
TO
CIVILIAN RULE. CHANGES SINCE 85 DRAMATIC. BUT FUTURE STILL LOOKS GRIM.
HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES CONTINUE, UNADDRESSED ARE NATION'S DEEPEST =
STRUCTURAL
WEAKNESSES: CONCENTRATION OF LAND AND WEALTH, NO COMMITMENT TO LONG =
TERM
INVESTMENTS, MARGINALIZATION OF INDIAN AND RURAL POPULATION, AND
UNRESPONSIVNESS OF STATE TO BASIC NEEDS OF CITIZENS. RESOURCE CENTER
BULLETIN SUMMER (8) 92 8 PAGES
GUATEMALA, 80-93 GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION/USA REPORT
"CONFRONTING THE HEART OF DARKNESS - AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON =
TORTURE
IN GUATEMALA." JUNE 93 99 PAGES
GUATEMALA, 86 ARBENZ'S GVT PERCEIVED AS THREAT TO US CORPORATE =
INTERESTS
AND SEC OF STATE FOSTER DULLES AND HIS BROTHER DCI ALLEN, BOTH WITH
LONG-STANDING LINKS TO UNITED FRUIT, OPENED BOTH A DIPLOMATIC AND =
COVERT
OFFENSIVE AGAINST ARBENZ. AFTER THE GVT OVERTHROWN ALL REFORMS WERE
DISMANTLED, AGRARIAN REFORM REVERSED, POPULAR ORGS WERE OUTLAWED, =
THEIR
LEADERS KILLED OR EXILED, THE CONSTITUTION WAS ABROGATED. NACLA =
(MAGAZINE
RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P4
COORDINATION
GUATEMALA, 53-54 THE OVERTHROW OF THE GUATEMALAN GVT WAS CONCEIVED =
AND
RUN BY THE GVT WITH UNITED FRUIT AND UNDER THE OVERALL DIRECTION OF =
SEC
STATE J.F. DULLES BACKED BY EISENHOWER. NA 10/28/78 COVER AND 439-44
GUATEMALA, 54 IN OVERTHROW EISENHOWER ENLISTED ALL AMBASSADORS IN =
THE
AREA, GAVE A ROLE TO USIS, AS WELL AS THE US ARMY AND NAVY AND THE =
CIA. HE
ASKED EVERY DICTATOR IN THE AREA; I.E., TRUJILLO, BATISTA, SOMOZA, =
JIMENEZ,
AND OTHERS IN HONDURAS AND EL SALVADOR TO JOIN A REGION-WIDE SEIGE. =
THE
NATION 10/28/78 P44O
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA AND USIA COOPERATED IN MEDIA BLITZ PRIOR TO COUP =
SEE
"MEDIA OPS GUATEMALA 54." SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). =
BITTER
FRUIT 167
GUATEMALA, 54 USIA PROPAGANDISTS WROTE MORE THAN 200 ARTICLES ABOUT
GUATEMALA BASED ON INFO FROM CIA SOURCES AND DISTRIBUTED THEM FOR =
ANONYMOUS
PLACEMENT IN SCORES OF LATIN NEWSPAPERS. USIA SHIPPED MORE THAN =
100,000
COPIES PAMPHLET CALLED "CHRONOLOGY OF COMMUNISM IN GUATEMALA" 27,000 =
COPIES
OF ANTI-COMMUNISM CARTOONS AND POSTERS WERE DISTRIBUTED. USIA PRODUCED =
3
MOVIES ON GUATEMALA. VARIOUS OTHER PRESS OPS DESCRIBED SCHLESINGER, =
S., & =20
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 167
GUATEMALA. USIA AKA USIS 54 MOBILIZED ALL RESOURCES SUPPORT =
OVERTHROW OP.
TRIED CONVINCE OAS THERE COMMUNIST THREAT. FLOODED CENTRAL AMER WITH
PAMPHLETS, TAPE RECORDINGS, PLANTED STORIES NEWSPAPERS AND RADIO =
PROGRAMS
ALL DESIGNED PROVE ARBENZ A COMMUNIST. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S =
SPIES
227
CORPORATE INTERESTS
53-61 DULLES'S MARK AS DCI CAN BE SEEN IN NUMBER OF OPS, BOTH =
SUCCESSFUL
- IRAN 53; COSTA RICA, 53; GUATEMALA, 54 - AND UNSUCCESSFUL - =
INDONESIA 58;
TIBET 58; CUBA 60-61. EACH OP FOLLOWED FAMILIAR PATTERN - REMOVAL OR
ATTEMPTED REMOVAL OF A GVT DEEMED INIMICAL TO U.S. INTERESTS AND ITS
REPLACEMENT BY ONE THAT MORE FRIENDLY. LOWENTHAL, M. (1992). THE =
WASHINGTON
PAPERS. U.S.INTELLIGENCE EVOLUTION AND ANATOMY 26
ACTION IN CHILE, CUBA, GUATEMALA, AND IRAN BASED ON THREAT OF
NATIONALIZATION SUBSIDIARIES OF MULTINATIONAL CORPS. PRADOS, J. =
(1986).
PRESIDENTS' SECRET WARS 316
CENTRAL AMERICA, 48-53 COMPANY PUBLISHED 4 NEWSPAPERS FOR UNITED =
FRUIT
WORKERS IN HONDURAS, COSTA RICA, GUATEMALA, AND PANAMA. UNITED FRUIT =
ALSO
SUPPORTED FOR MANY YEARS A PUBLICATION NAMED "LATIN AMERICA REPORT,"
PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM GAUDET - WHO A POSSIBLE AGENT FOR CIA AND WHO =
USED
PUBLICATION AS A CREDIBLE COVER FOR NUMEROUS COVERT MISSIONS. MCANN, =
T.
(1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 48
CENTRAL AMERICA, 50-60 SEE "MASTERMINDING THE MINI-MARKET U.S. AID =
TO THE
CENTRAL AMERICAN COMMON MARKET." GUA 86-103; "THE HARD LINE U.S. =
STRATEGY
FOR THE 1970'S." GUA 104-120; "EXTRACTING THE SURPLUS;" 121-131; "THE =
U.S.
INVESTMENT BUBBLE IN GUATEMALA," GUA 132-142; AND, "THE LARGEST U.S.
CORPORATIONS IN GUATEMALA." JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974).
GUATEMALA 167-174
FROM 53-77 THERE A LINK BETWEEN CIA AND THE FIRM OF SCHRODERS, LTD, =
AN
INVESTMENT BANK THAT HANDLED CIA FUNDS FOR COVERT OPS. BANK'S =
INTERESTS
OVERLAPPED WITH THOSE OF MANY-CIA INITIATED ACTIONS INCLUDING THE COUP =
IN
IRAN IN 53 THE 54 COUP IN GUATEMALA, AND THE BAY OF PIGS INVASION. =
NEW
TIMES 11/27/78 P24-5
GUATEMALA, 51-54 BERNAYS OF UNITED FRUIT DEVELOPED STRATEGY RE =
GUATEMALA
TO SELECT MOST INFLUENTIAL MEMBERS MEDIA, THE TIMES, SEVERAL OTHER =
PAPERS,
TWO OR THREE MAJOR NEWS MAGAZINES, WIRE SERVICES AND ELECTRONIC =
NETWORKS -
FOLLOWED BY A HIGH - LEVEL SATURATION CAMPAIGN TO EXPOSE MEDIA'S =
REPORTERS
TO COMPANY'S VERSION OF FACTS. CAMPAIGN INCLUDED GUIDED TOURS WITH UP =
TO 10
NEWSMEN PER JUNKET AT COMPANY EXPENSE. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN
COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 47
GUATEMALA, 51-54 BERNAYS WITH UNITED FRUIT BROUGHT GUATEMALA TO =
ATTENTION
OF NEW YORK TIMES PUBLISHER SULZBURGER WHO MADE AN INSPECTION TRIP TO
COUNTRY - WHILE ON TRIP A "COMMUNIST RIOT" TOOK PLACE. A PR COUP FOR
BERNAYS. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED
FRUIT 46
GUATEMALA, 52-54 DULLES BROTHERS ATTUNED TO AFFAIRS IN GUATEMALA DUE =
TO
INVOLVEMENT OF J. HENRY SCHRODER BANKING CORP IN DEVELOPMENT OF AREA.
EARLIER ACTION IN 36 WHEN ALLEN DULLES WAS GENERAL COUNSEL AND BOARD
MEMBER. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS 336
GUATEMALA, 52-54 IN 52-53 SPRUILE BRADEN, FORMER ASST SECRETARY OF =
STATE
FOR INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS AND A CONSULTANT FOR UNITED FRUIT, LED A =
CFR
STUDY GROUP ON LATIN AMERICA. IN 10/17/52 ADOLF BERLE RECORDED IN HIS =
DIARY
THAT THE U.S. SHOULD WELCOME THE OVERTHROW OF THE ARBENZ GVT. THE CFR
AGREED THE GVT WAS COMMUNIST. I AM WORKING WITH NELSON =
ROCKEFELLER...WHO
CAN WORK WITH GENERAL EISENHOWER. SHOUP, L. & MINTER, W. (1977). =
IMPERIAL
BRAIN TRUST 196
GUATEMALA, 52-54 JOHN MOORS CABOT, ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE FOR
INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS SET THE STAGE FOR JOHN FOSTER DULLES' =
RESOLUTION AT
THE CARACAS CONFERENCE AIMED AT GUATEMALA. IN 12/53 A REPORT BY THE
NATIONAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION'S COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL POLICY, WAS =
HEAD
BY FRANK ALTSCHUL, SECRETARY OF THE CFR. OF 12 PEOPLE INVOLVED IN =
DECISION
ON GUATEMALAN INTERVENTION, 8 WERE MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL ON FOREIGN
RELATIONS AT THE TIME OR JOINED THEREAFTER. OTHER THAN THOSE MENTIONED
THESE INCLUDE HENRY HOLLAND, WALTER BEDELL SMITH, AND HENRY CABOT =
LODGE.
SHOUP, L. & MINTER, W. (1977). IMPERIAL BRAIN TRUST 197-8
GUATEMALA, 53-54 ARBENZ BEGAN A HYDROELECTRIC PLAN TO OFFSET =
HEGEMONY OF
THE AMERICAN AND FOREIGN POWER COMPANY, A FOSTER DULLES CLIENT SINCE =
THE
TWENTIES. ZEMURRAY AT UNITED FRUIT BANKROLLED PUBLIC RELATIONS BARRAGE
USING EDWARD BERNAYS TO WHIP UP MEDIA PERSONNEL SUCH AS SELECTED
DELEGATIONS OF NEW YORK TIMES AND HERALD TRIBUNE. MASSACHUSETTS =
POLITICIANS
FROM HENRY CABOT LODGE TO JOHN MCCORMACK ACTED IN CONGRESS. TOMMY THE =
CORK
CORCORAN LOBBIED FOR ACTION. OTHER ZEMURRAY ACTIONS. HERSH, B. (1992). =
THE
OLD BOYS 338
GUATEMALA, 53-54 ARBENZ GVT BEGAN LEGAL EXPROPRIATION OF 178,000 =
ACRES OF
UNITED FRUIT COMPANY LAND. UF ASKED FOR 16 MILLION, ARBENZ OFFERED A
24-YEAR BOND VALUED AT $525,000. VALUE LOW AS IT BASED ON VALUE =
COMPANY HAD
PLACED ON PROPERTY FOR TAX PURPOSES. UF DISTRIBUTED SEVERAL HUNDRED =
COPIES
OF BOOK, REPORT ON NICARAGUA, THAT BEGAN: "A MOSCOW-DIRECTED COMMUNIST
CONSPIRACY IN CENTRAL AMERICA IS ONE OF SOVIET UNION'S MOST SUCCESSFUL
OPERATIONS OF INFILTRATION OUTSIDE OF IRON CURTAIN COUNTRIES." AUTHOR
REFUSED TO HAVE NAME ON BOOK. COPIES DISTRIBUTED TO EVERY MEMBER OF
CONGRESS WHO WOULD ACCEPT IT. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: =
THE
TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 49
GUATEMALA, 53-54 THRU UF'S POWERFUL FRIENDS IN GVT, STATE DEPT =
ISSUED A
TOUGH AIDE-MEMOIRE TO ARBENZ WHICH ASSERTED U.S. POSITION ON PRIVATE
PROPERTY AND CALLED FOR RETURN OF THE LAND. MCANN, T. (1976). AN =
AMERICAN
COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 59
GUATEMALA, 53-54 TIES OF THE COUNCIL OF FOREIGN RELATIONS (CFR) TO
INTERVENTION IN GUATEMALA STAND OUT AS WELL IN A TRIANGULAR =
RELATIONSHIP OF
INTERLOCKS AMONG GVT OFFICIALS INVOLVED, THE CFR, AND UNITED FRUIT =
COMPANY.
FUENTES, A FUTURE PRESIDENT RECORDED THAT HIS COOPERATION WAS SOUGHT =
BY
WALTER TURNBULL, A FORMER EXECUTIVE OF UNITED FRUIT, WHO CAME =
ACCOMPANIED
BY TWO CIA AGENTS. JOHN DULLES, WHILE AT SULLIVAN AND CROMWELL, HAD
REPRESENTED UNITED FRUIT IN NEGOTIATIONS WITH GUATEMALA SOME YEARS =
BEFORE.
JOHN CABOT'S BROTHER WAS A DIRECTOR AND FORMER PRESIDENT OF UNITED =
FRUIT.
SPRUILE BRADEN SERVED AS A UNITED FRUIT CONSULTANT. FORMER CIA =
DIRECTOR,
BEDELL SMITH, AFTER LEAVING GVT, BECAME A DIRECTOR OF UNITED FRUIT, AS =
DID
ROBERT HILL, A PARTICIPANT IN THE OP AS AMBASSADOR TO COSTA RICA. =
CFR'S
LINKS TO UNITED FRUIT SUBSTANTIAL. WHITNEY SHEPARDSON, ONE OF CFR'S =
MAIN
LEADERS, WAS AN OFFICER OF INTERNATIONAL RAILWAYS OF CENTRAL AMERICA, =
AN
AFFILIATE OF UNITED FRUIT. OTHERS NAMED. DOMHOFF, W. (1971). HIGHER
CIRCLES: THE GOVERNING CLASS IN AMERICA 198-9
GUATEMALA, 53-54 UNITED FRUIT'S PUBLICITY AND ADVERTISING DEPT HAD =
ONE
TASK - TO GET WORD OUT THAT A COMMUNIST BEACHHEAD HAD BEEN ESTABLISHED =
IN
OUR HEMISPHERE. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF
UNITED FRUIT 45
GUATEMALA, 53-60 UNITED FRUIT ARRANGED TOURS FOR PRESS WITHIN HOURS =
OF
EXPROPRIATION OF UF LAND. TOURS INCLUDED REPS OF TIME-LIFE, SEVERAL =
LARGE
DAILIES, NEWSWEEK AND THE WIRE SERVICES. AN AVALANCHE OF PUBLICITY =
FAVORING
UF FOLLOWED AFTER TRIP. UF DISTRIBUTED A CONFIDENTIAL GUATEMALAN =
NEWSLETTER
EACH WEEK TO A LIST OF 250 AMERICAN JOURNALISTS. NEWSLETTER LATER =
BROADENED
TO INCLUDE HONDURAS, COSTA RICA, AND PANAMA WHICH MEANT THAT FROM =
53-60 A
GREAT DEAL OF NEWS OF CENTRAL AMERICA IN NORTH AMERICAN PRESS WAS =
SUPPLIED,
EDITED AND SOMETIMES MADE BY UF'S PR DEPT. MCANN, T. (1976). AN =
AMERICAN
COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 59
GUATEMALA, 53-63 INFLUENTIAL PERSONS FRIENDLY TO OR EMPLOYED BY =
UNITED
FRUIT INCLUDED SENATOR ROBERT LA FOLLETTE FROM WISCONSIN, FORMER MASS
GOVERNOR CHRISTIAN HERTER, LATER SECRETARY OF STATE UNDER EISENHOWER;
FOSTER DULLES, GENERAL ROBERT CUTLER, WHO HEADED THE NATIONAL SECURITY
COUNCIL FOR A TIME. JOHN J. MCCLOY, BECAME A DIRECTOR OF COMPANY, =
ROBERT C.
HILL, FORMER AMBASSADOR TO MEXICO, COSTA RICA AND SALVADOR WHO BECAME =
A
DIRECTOR OF THE COMPANY. CHARLES MEYER ON BOARD OF UNITED FRUIT IN =
LATE
FIFTIES. HE LATER NAMED BY NIXON AS ASST. SECRETARY STATE FOR LATIN
AMERICAN AFFAIRS. JOHN MCCLINTOCK WAS UNITED FRUIT'S DIRECTOR OF PR.
SENATOR ALEXANDER WILEY, REPUBLICAN FROM WISCONSIN, WAS ON SENATE =
FOREIGN
RELATIONS COMMITTEE DURING GUATEMALAN EPISODE. WILEY A LEADING CRITIC =
OF
ARBENZ REGIME, DENOUNCED COMMUNISTS ON SENATE FLOOR. MCANN, T. (1976). =
AN
AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 55-57
GUATEMALA, 53 CIA WITH UNITED FRUIT ARMED SOME RIGHT WING ARMY =
OFFICERS.
OCCUPIED A TOWN BUT QUICKLY OVERCOME BY GVT FORCES. SCHLESINGER, S., =
& =20
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 103, 120
GUATEMALA, 54 ARBENZ A THREAT TO UNITED FRUIT. IS 217. LAWYER WHO
REPRESENTED SULLIVAN AND CROMWELL FOR UNITED FRUIT IN GUATEMALA WAS =
FOSTER
DULLES. IS 218 LIST OF MBRS EISENHOWER ADM WHO SUPPORTED UNITED FRUIT =
IN
GUATEMALA. IS 223 LOBBYIST FOR UNITED FRUIT INSTRUMENTAL IN DECISION =
TO
OVERTHROW ARBENZ. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S SPIES 224
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA OFFICIALS TRAVELED WITH UNITED BRANDS EXECUTIVES
LOOKING FOR SUITABLE REPLACEMENT FOR ARBENZ. THEY APPROACHED YDIGORAS =
WHO
SAID OFFICIAL OF UNITED FRUIT WITH TWO CIA OFFICERS. CONDITIONS WERE =
TO
FAVOR UNITED FRUIT AND INTERNATIONAL RAILWAYS OF CENTRAL AMERICA =
(OWNED BY
UF) TO DESTROY THE RAILROAD WORKERS LABOR UNION, ETC. KWITNY, J. =
(1984).
ENDLESS ENEMIES 225
GUATEMALA, 54 LAW FIRM SULLIVAN AND CROMWELL REPRESENTED UNITED =
FRUIT.
(BOTH DULLESS'S FROM SULLIVAN AND CROMWELL). IN EARLIER PLAN CIA =
PASSED
ARMS TO UNITED FRUIT. PRADOS, J. (1986). PRESIDENTS' SECRET WARS =
99-101
GUATEMALA 54 PERSONAL INTEREST OF EISENHOWER ADMIN OFFICIALS IN
GUATEMALAN COUP BECAUSE OF CORPORATE TRIES. SCHLESINGER, S., & =
KINZER, S.
(1983). BITTER FRUIT 106-7
GUATEMALA, 54 U.S. COMPANIES MOVED BACK INTO GUATEMALA RIGHT AWAY. =
ARMAS
INTRODUCED INVESTMENT GUARANTEES AND UNITED FRUIT GOT BACK ITS =
PROPERTY.
RANELAGH, J. (1986). THE AGENCY 269
GUATEMALA 54 UNITED FRUIT AND CIA PLAN CALLED OPERATION FORTUNE. TO
SMUGGLE ARMS ON UNITED FRUIT BOATS TO ARBENZ OPPONENTS. STATE DEPT. =
BLOCKED
ATTEMPT. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 92-93
GUATEMALA, 54 UNITED FRUIT OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ A GODSEND IT GOT =
BACK ITS
LAND, LABOR REFORM REPEALED, WAGES CUT. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S =
SPIES
233
GUATEMALA, 54 UNITED FRUIT PROVIDED CIA ITS GUATEMALAN RAILROAD =
SYSTEM
TO SMUGGLE ARMS, ITS ATLANTIC PORT TO LAND EQUIPMENT, ITS TELEGRAPH,
TELEPHONE AND RADIO TO RELAY MESSAGES; ITS GUATEMALAN PROPERTIES TO =
GIVE
COVER TO REBELS ETC. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER =
FRUIT
171
GUATEMALA, 54 ADM-UNITED FRUIT CONNECTIONS STARTLING. IN ADDITION TO
ALLEN AND JOHN FOSTER DULLES, WHO HAD WORKED DIRECTLY FOR COMPANY, =
JOHN
MOORS CABOT WAS BROTHER OF THOMAS DUDLEY CABOT, FORMER PRESIDENT OF =
U.F.
SPUILLE BRADEN, WHOSE FAMILY OWNED BRADEN COPPER MINES IN CHILE, =
WORKED FOR
U.F. ON GUATEMALAN PROJECT. AS PRESIDENT OF WORLD BANK JOHN J. MCCLOY
REFUSED ARBENZ LOANS - LATER BECAME DIRECTOR OF U.F., AS DID WALTER =
BEDELL
SMITH. OTHER IN EISENHOWER ADM LINKED WITH BUSINESS INTERESTS IN =
GUATEMALA.
COOK, B. (1981). THE DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 228-9
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER CIA OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ GVT A LENGTHY REIGN OF =
TERROR
FOLLOWED. 70% OF PEOPLE DISENFRANCHISED WHICH DENIED ILLITERATES THE =
RIGHT
TO VOTE. LABOR AND UNION RIGHTS WERE REPEALED AND 800,000 ACRES LAND =
HANDED
BACK TO UNITED FRUIT. BLEDOWSKA, C., & BLOCH, J. (1987). KGB/CIA =
59
GUATEMALA, 54 ARBENZ'S GVT PERCEIVED AS THREAT TO US CORPORATE =
INTERESTS
AND SEC OF STATE FOSTER DULLES AND HIS BROTHER DCI ALLEN, BOTH WITH
LONG-STANDING LINKS TO UNITED FRUIT, OPENED BOTH A DIPLOMATIC AND =
COVERT
OFFENSIVE AGAINST ARBENZ. AFTER THE GVT OVERTHROWN ALL REFORMS WERE
DISMANTLED, AGRARIAN REFORM REVERSED, POPULAR ORGS WERE OUTLAWED, =
THEIR
LEADERS KILLED OR EXILED, THE CONSTITUTION WAS ABROGATED. NACLA 2/83 =
P4. BY
79 193 US COMPANIES INVESTED IN THE COUNTRY WITH 52 OF THEM IN
AGRIBUSINESS. NACLA 2/83 P12. MANY US INVESTORS TOOK PART IN THE 54
INVASION AS PILOTS AND PLANNERS AND STAYED IN GUATEMALA CONSIDERING
THEMSELVES PART OF THE LOCAL RULING CLASS. BANK OF AMERICA ROLE IMPT. =
NACLA
(MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P23-4
GUATEMALA, 54 UNITED FRUIT EXECUTIVES ARROGANT AND DISHONEST. UFC A
CLIENT OF SULLIVAN AND CROMWELL, THE DULLES BROTHERS LAW FIRM. =
COPELAND, M.
(1989). THE GAME PLAYER 193
=20
COUNTERINSURGENCY
GUATEMALA, 63 GREEN BERETS ASSISTED IN MASSIVE CI CAMPAIGN THAT =
INCLUDED
ASSASSINATIONS, DEATH SQUADS, INTERROGATIONS, ETC. SCHLESINGER, S., =
& =20
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 245-48
GUATEMALA. CIVIL DEFENSE CORPS. WHITE, R.A. (1984). THE MORASS 108-113
GUATEMALA. STRATEGIC HAMLETS. WHITE, R.A. (1984). THE MORASS 113-123
GUATEMALA, 62-67 IN 66 THE U.S. ESTABLISHED A MASSIVE CI PROGRAM =
WITH A
BASE IN IZABAL STAFFED BY SPECIAL FORCES. MODEL TAKEN FROM VIETNAM. IN =
66=20
GREEN BERETS ASSIGNED TO COUNTRY. APPROX 1,000 WITH SOME PUERTO RICAN =
AND
CUBAN EXILES WITH EXPERIENCE IN VN. U.S. MILITARY USED NAPALM ON =
VILLAGES,
"FREE BOMBING ZONES," SPECIALIZED FORMS OF TORTURE, CIVILIAN TERRORIST
GROUPS, PLUS EXTENSIVE PSYWAR OPS. "PILOT PLAN" IN IZABAL AND ZACAPA. =
AID
CONDUCTED "SOCIAL WORKS" -- SMALL NONSTRUCTURAL CHANGES INCLUDING =
HEALTH,
LITERACY AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, SCHOOL LUNCHES, WELLS, ACCESS =
ROADS,
COOPERATIVES, LEADERSHIP TRG., TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO PEASANTS AND =
THE
STRENGTHENING OF LOCAL GVT. MILITARY ASSUMED CIVILIAN POSITIONS. CIVIC
ACTION BOTH MILITARY AND CIVILIAN BECAME MODEL FOR DEVELOPMENT. POLICE
PROGRAM SPENT 6 MILLION SINCE 57 LAUNCHED MODEL PRECINCT PROGRAMS. =
SET UP
CRIME LABS AND COMMO CENTER, CONSTRUCTION OF $400,000 POLICE ACADEMY.
POLICE SENT FOR TRG IN RIOT CONTROL, FIREARMS, FINGERPRINTING, ETC. =
NACLA
(MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 3/74
GUATEMALA, 66-88 US MILITARY ADVISERS HELPED IN CI CAMPAIGN THAT
VIRTUALLY WIPED OUT 8000 PEASANT LIVES IN 2 YEARS. ALLOWED THE POLICE =
TO
DISMEMBER OPPOSITION NEWSPAPERS, THE UNIVERSITY AND POLITICAL ORGS. =
NACLA
(MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P8
GUATEMALA, SPECIAL FORCES. REVOLUTION IN 66 BROUGHT FULL-SCALE
COUNTERINSURGENCY TO. ARMS, ADVISORS AND GREEN BERETS. STATE DEPT =
STUDY
SAID: "TO ELIMINATE FEW HUNDRED GUERRILLAS, THE GVT KILLED PERHAPS =
10,000
PEASANTS." KWITNY, J. (1984). ENDLESS ENEMIES 233
ISRAEL RANKS AS FIFTH LARGEST EXPORTER OF ARMS IN WORLD, ACCORDING CIA
ESTIMATES, AND HAS BECOME ESSENTIAL ELEMENT GLOBAL CI BUSINESS. "HIT =
LISTS"
USED BY DEATH SQUADS IN GUATEMALA HAVE BEEN COMPUTERIZED WITH ISRAELI
ASSISTANCE AND UZI MACHINE GUNS THE STANDARD WEAPON OF DEATH SQUADS. =
COVERT
ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) SUMMER 88 5
COVER
CENTRAL AMERICA, 48-53 COMPANY PUBLISHED 4 NEWSPAPERS FOR UNITED =
FRUIT
WORKERS IN HONDURAS, COSTA RICA, GUATEMALA, AND PANAMA. UNITED FRUIT =
ALSO
SUPPORTED FOR MANY YEARS A PUBLICATION NAMED "LATIN AMERICA REPORT,"
PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM GAUDET - WHO A POSSIBLE AGENT FOR CIA AND WHO =
USED
PUBLICATION AS A CREDIBLE COVER FOR NUMEROUS COVERT MISSIONS. MCANN, =
T.
(1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 48
=20
COVERT A
50-74 DETAILS OF NEO-FASCIST AND NEO-NAZI TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS, =
ALL
OVER THE WORLD, CREATED AND FUNDED BY VATICAN AND CIA, BEGAN TO COME =
TO
LIGHT IN LATE 74. IN LISBON A COMMANDO UNIT OF PORTUGUESE MARINES =
BROKE
INTO OFFICES OF AGINTER-PRESS AND DISCOVERED ARCHIVES OF WHOLE VAST
APPARAT, GIVING DETAILS OF COUPS IN GREECE, ARGENTINA, CHILE, =
GUATEMALA,
AND OF THREE ATTEMPTED COUPS IN ITALY, ALL ORCHESTRATED BY THE =
VATICAN,
NATO, NIXON AND CIA. LIAISON BETWEEN ITALIANS AND AGINTER-PRESS HAD =
BEEN
STEFANI DELLE CHIAIE, WHOSE LINKS TO GELLI'S P2 WOULD SOON SURFACE,
REVEALING THE ENTIRE QUILTWORK OF THE CONSPIRACY. TOMPKINS, P. =
(UNPUBLISHED
MANUSCRIPT). STRATEGY OF TERROR 23-15
53-93 ARTICLE BY RICHARD FALK, "INTERVENTION REVISITED: HARD CHOICES =
AND
TRAGIC DILEMMAS." "INTERVENTION IS NEVER GOOD POLICY, NO MATTER HOW
APPEALING THE HUMANITARIAN CASE FOR IT." CIA COVERT OPS QUALIFY AS
INTERVENTIONS BECAUSE THEY INVOLVE USE OF INDIGENOUS MILITARY AND
PARAMILITARY FORCES AS AGENTS OF U.S. POLICY. CIA DID "SUCCEED" IN A =
NUMBER
OF CASES SUCH AS IRAN (53) AND GUATEMALA (54), WHERE IT DISPLACED
DEMOCRATIC AND PROGRESSIVE GVTS AND RESTORED REACTIONARY AND =
REPRESSIVE
ELITES. BASIC OBJECTION TO COVERT INTERVENTION IS ITS INHERENTLY
ANTIDEMOCRATIC CHARACTER AT BOTH ENDS, AND ITS UTILIZATION FOR ALMOST
EXCLUSIVELY REACTIONARY POLITICAL GOALS, A REFLECTION OF OUTLOOK THAT =
ONE
WOULD NATURALLY ASSOCIATE WITH A SECRET, PARAMILITARY BRANCH OF GVT =
GIVEN A
LARGE BUDGET AND THE WORLD AS A PLAYING FIELD. THE NATION 12/20/93 756
=20
BETWEEN 81-86 , CASEY GOT 25 TO 35% ANNUAL BUDGET INCREASES FOR CIA. =
UNDER
CASEY CIA INITIATED MORE THAN 50 MAJOR COVERT OPS ON EVERY CONTINENT. =
BY=20
84 THERE SOME 20 OPS IN AFRICA ALONE. AT PRESENT THERE MAJOR COVERT =
OPS IN
NICARAGUA, EL SALVADOR, HONDURAS, GUATEMALA, COSTA RICA, SURINAME, =
MEXICO,
AFGHANISTAN, IRAN, ETHIOPIA, LIBYA, CHAD, LEBANON, SEYCHELLES, SOUTH
AFRICA, MOZAMBIQUE, ANGOLA, ZAIRE, PHILIPPINES, VIETNAM, LAOS, AND =
OTHERS.
COVERT ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) SUMMER 87 28
CENTRAL AMERICA, 81-89 ISRAELI KNESSET MEMBER GEN. PELED SAID IN =
C.A.
ISRAEL IS THE `DIRTY WORK' CONTRACTOR FOR U.S. HELPED GUATEMALA REGIME =
WHEN
CONGRESS BLOCKED REAGAN ADM. ISRAELI FIRM TADIRAN (THEN PARTLY =
U.S.-OWNED)
SUPPLIED GUATEMALAN MILITARY WITH COMPUTERIZED INTEL SYSTEM TO TRACK
POTENTIAL SUBVERSIVES. THOSE ON COMPUTER LIST HAD AN EXCELLENT CHANCE =
OF
BEING "DISAPPEARED." IT "AN ARCHIVE AND COMPUTER FILE ON JOURNALISTS,
STUDENTS, LEADERS, LEFTISTS, POLITICIANS AND SO ON." COMPUTER SYSTEM =
MAKING
UP DEATH LISTS. COCKBURN, A. & COCKBURN, L. (1991). DANGEROUS =
LIAISON 219
CIA HAS ANNOUNCED IT WILL DECLASSIFY THOUSANDS OF INTEL ESTIMATES AND
ANALYTICAL PAPERS, AND DISCLOSE MATERIAL RELATED TO DECADES-OLD COVERT =
OPS
IN FRANCE, ITALY, IRAN, GUATEMALA, NORTH KOREA, INDONESIA, LAOS, THE =
CONGO
AND THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. THE NATION 11/29/93 660
CIA OPS INCLUDE PROPAGANDA AND SUPPORT OF POLITICAL PARTIES, =
GUATEMALA,
CUBA, VIETNAM, AFRICA, SANTO DOMINGO. IN EARLY 80s ENGLAND, FRANCE AND =
U.S.
PLANNED TO TOPPLE QADDAFI OF LIBYA. CIA PULLED OUT OF OP AND DEMANDED =
IT
NOT PROCEED. QUIRK, J. (1986). THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY: A
PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY 154
CIA TO RELEASE ADDITIONAL USSR-RELATED STUDIES FROM 60s-70s, AS WELL =
AS
MAJOR CHUNKS OF ITS INFO ON BAY OF PIGS INVASION OF CUBA, 53 OVERTHROW =
OF
MOSSADEGH OF IRAN, AND 54 OVERTHROW OF GUATEMALA'S ARBENZ. WASHINGTON =
POST
10/1/93 A45
GUATEMALA, 54 U.S. HAD TO CONVINCE WORLD THAT COMMUNISM DOMINATED =
[ARBENZ
GVT], AND TO CONCEAL INTEREST OF UNITED FRUIT CO. COOK, B. (1981). THE
DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 229
GUATEMALA, IRAN, 53-54 FROM OPA-LOCKA FLORIDA CIA RUNNING =
AIRLIFTS TO
HONDURAS WHERE CASTILLO ARMAS SMALL BAND, NEVER MORE THAN 140 MEN, =
WERE
BEING TRAINED. IN ONE RESPECT CIA PLANNED TO DUPLICATE THE TECHNIQUE =
USED
IN IRAN:PSYCHOLOGICALLY PREPARING THE MINDS OF THE TARGET GVT AND =
PEOPLE,
THEN A SUDDEN SHOW OF APPARENTLY MASSIVE FORCE. A CIA STAFF OFFICER,
DOCUMENTED AND DISGUISED AS A EUROPEAN BUSINESSMAN ACHIEVED THE =
DEFECTION
OF A SENIOR OFFICER ON ARBENZ'S STAFF. THRU HIM HAD UP-TO-MINUTE =
INTEL.
AFTER WARNING THE PEOPLE, FIGHTER AIRCRAFT MADE LOW LEVEL STRAFFING =
RUNS ON
GUATEMALA CITY AND DROPPED RELATIVELY HARMLESS SMOKE BOMBS. FROM =
HONDURAS A
POWERFUL TRANSMITTER OVERRODE THE NATIONAL RADIO, BROADCASTING =
MESSAGES TO
CONFUSE AND DIVIDE THE POPULATION. HUNT, H.J. (1974). UNDERCOVER =
99-100
</PRE><PRE>ISRAEL, THIRD WORLD. FROM 73-88 ISRAEL HAS BECOME =
FULL-FLEDGED COVERT
PARTNER U.S. IN THIRD WORLD. ISRAEL HAS SUPPLIED TRAINING AND WEAPONS =
TO
CHILE, EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA, HAITI, SOUTH AFRICA AND NICARAGUAN =
CONTRAS,
FOR EXAMPLE. COVERT ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) SUMMER 88 =
46
JACK ANDERSON REPORTS CIA OPS OF SENDING ARMS TO REBELS IN =
AFGHANISTAN;
SUPPORTING EGYPT AND TURKEY IN OPS AGAINST IRAN; BACKING THE POL POT =
FORCES
IN CAMBODIA; TRAINING CUBAN ASSASSINATION SQUADS IN GUATEMALA AND =
WORKING
WITH ISRAEL TO DISRUPT THE PLO. WP 8/27/81 FROM PARAPOLITICS/USA =
10/31/81
P7
MCGEORGE BUNDY NOTED: "THE DISMAL HISTORICAL RECORD OF COVERT MILITARY =
AND
PARAMILITARY OPERATIONS OVER PAST 25 YEARS IS ENTIRELY CLEAR." AS NSC
ADVISER TO KENNEDY AND JOHNSON HE HAS SOME BASIS FOR OBSERVATION. PSW =
403.
A REVIEW OF COVERT ACTION OPS FROM NORTH KOREA, NVN, IRAN, GUATEMALA, =
CUBA,
DENIED AREAS, ETC. "MOST PARAMILITARY OPS UNALLOYED FAILURES, PERHAPS
EXCEPTING CONGO. LEDGER FAILURES INCLUDES ALBANIA, ANGOLA, KURDS, =
TRACK II
FAILED IN CHILE, NICARAGUA IN DOUBT, ETC. PRADOS, J. (1986). =
PRESIDENTS'
SECRET WARS 402-6
NICARAGUA, GUATEMALA, 82 NSC DOCUMENT PUBLISHED BY NEW YORK TIMES
STATES: IN NICARAGUA, THE SANDINISTAS ARE UNDER INCREASED PRESSURE AS
RESULT OF OUR COVERT EFFORTS. SIGNIFICANT COVERT EFFORT HAD BEEN =
APPROVED
BY NATIONAL SECURITY DIRECTIVE 17 IN NOVEMBER, 1981. DOCUMENT ALSO
RECOMMENDED CIA BE AUTHORIZED BEGIN ARMS INTERDICTION PROGRAM IN =
GUATEMALA.
AUTHENTICITY OF DOCUMENT CONFIRMED BY OFFICIALS AND FBI INVESTIGATION =
ITS
DISCLOSURE. IN NEWS CONFERENCE, PRESIDENT REAGAN CONFIRMED US =
PROVIDING
SUPPORT TO NICARAGUAN EXILES CONDUCTING PARAMILITARY ACTIVITIES IN
NICARAGUA BUT SOLE PURPOSE TO HELP STOP FLOW OF ARMS TO EL SALVADOR. =
FIRST
PRINCIPLES 5/83 P8
NSC 5412 OF 15 MARCH 54 WAS ALL-INCLUSIVE. SECRET, COSTLY. =
WORLDWIDE. "TO
COUNTER ANY THREAT OF A PARTY OR INDIVIDUAL DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY
RESPONSIVE" TO COMMUNISM IN A FREE-WORLD COUNTRY. ELECTIONS IN ITALY, =
WEST
GERMANY, FRANCE. "TO DEVELOP UNDERGROUND RESISTANCE...AND GUERRILLA =
OPS.
VIETNAM, LAOS THE CONGO, IRAN, GUATEMALA, CUBA. COOK, B. (1981). THE
DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 183
OVERVIEW OF C.A. SINCE WWII. PARAMILITARY OPS: BAY OF PIGS CUBA, 61 =
-
ATTEMPTS TO OVERTHROW COMMUNIST REGIMES IN ALBANIA, POLAND, AND THE =
SOVIET
UKRAINE - ALL FAILED. OVERTHROW OF GVT OF ARBENZ IN GUATEMALA IN 54 =
IN=20
63 CIA SUCCESSFUL IN OP TO OVERTHROW JUAN BOSH IN DOMINICAN REPUBLIC =
AND
CARLOS AROSEMENA IN ECUADOR. OP TO SUPPORT REVOLT AGAINST PRESIDENT =
SUKARNO
OF INDONESIA IN 58 FAILED. TWENTIETH CENTURY FUND. (1992). THE NEED =
TO
KNOW: COVERT ACTION AND AMERICAN DEMOCRACY 81-2
=20
DEATH SQUADS
EL SALVADOR. FORMER S.F. POLICE OFFICER ACCUSED OF ILLEGAL SPYING SAID =
HE
WORKED FOR CIA AND WILL EXPOSE CIA'S SUPPORT OF DEATH SQUADS IF HE
PROSECUTED. TOM GERARD SAID HE BEGAN WORKING FOR CIA IN 82 AND QUIT =
IN=20
85 BECAUSE HE COULD NOT TOLERATE WHAT HE SAW. HE AND ROY BULLOCK ARE
SUSPECTED OF GATHERING INFO FROM POLICE AND GVT FILES ON THOUSANDS OF
INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS. INFO PROBABLY ENDED UP WITH B'NAI B'RITH AND =
ADL.
CIA REFUSED TO CONFIRM GERARD'S CLAIM. GERARD SAID THERE IS PROOF CIA
DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN TRAINING AND SUPPORT OF TORTURE AND DEATH SQUADS =
IN EL
SALVADOR, HONDURAS, AND GUATEMALA DURING MID 80Ss. PROOF IN HIS =
BRIEFCASE
S.F. POLICE SEIZED. GERARD SAID SEVERAL PHOTOS SEIZED BY POLICE SHOW =
CIA
AGENTS ATTENDING INTERROGATIONS, OR POSING WITH DEATH SQUAD MEMBERS.
WASHINGTON TIMES 4/28/93 A6
GUATEMALA, 60-90 HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS SAY AT LEAST 40,000 =
GUATEMALANS
"DISAPPEARED" IN LAST 3 DECADES. MOST WERE POOR INDIANS. =
ANTHROPOLOGISTS,
LED BY CLYDE SNOW, DUG AWAY AT A VILLAGE SITE. MARIA LOPEZ HAD A =
HUSBAND
AND A SON IN ONE GRAVE. SHE SAID ON MORNING OF VALENTINE'S DAY 82, =
MEMBERS
OF ANTI-GUERRILLA MILITIA TOOK HER HUSBAND AND OTHERS. THEY HAD =
REFUSED TO
JOIN MILITIAS KNOWN AS CIVIL SELF-DEFENSE PATROLS AND WERE KILLED. SIX
KNOWN CLANDESTINE GRAVES IN SAN JOSE PACHO. HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS BLAME =
MOST
DISAPPEARANCES ON ARMY-RUN CIVIL SELF-DEFENSE PATROLS SET UP UNDER
PRESIDENCIES OF GEN LUCAS GARCIA AND BRIG. GEN. RIOS MONTT. THERE ARE
HUNDREDS OF CLANDESTINE GRAVES FILLED WITH VICTIMS OF THE MILITIAS,
RIGHT-WING DEATH SQUADS AND BRUTAL COUNTERINSURGENCY CAMPAIGNS. =
WASHINGTON
TIMES 8/5/92 A9
GUATEMALA, 89 25 STUDENTS IN TWO YEARS KILLED BY SQUADS. ENTIRE
UNIVERSITY STUDENT ASSOCIATION HAS BEEN SILENCED. U.S. BACKED GVTS IN
VIRTUAL GENOCIDE HAVE MORE THAN 150,000 VICTIMS. AI CALLED THIS =
GENOCIDE A
"GVT PROGRAM OF POLITICAL MURDER." THE NATION 3/5/90 COVER, 308
GUATEMALA, 91-94 STATE DEPT REPORTED IN 91, THAT "MILITARY, CIVIL =
PATROLS
AND POLICE CONTINUED TO COMMIT A MAJORITY OF MAJOR HUMAN RIGHTS =
ABUSES,
INCLUDING EXTRAJURIDICIAL KILLINGS TORTURE AND DISAPPEARANCES." =
GUATEMALAN
COUNTERINSURGENCY CAMPAIGN DEVISED BY U.S. CI EXPERTS CAESAR SERESERES =
AND
COLONEL GEORGE MINAS. FORMER SERVED AS A CONSULTANT TO RAND CORP AND =
STATE
DEPT'S OFFICE OF POLICY PLANNING. MINAS SERVED AS MILITARY ATTACHE IN
GUATEMALA IN EARLY 80s. BOTH ENCOURAGED POPULATION CONTROL SUCH AS
VIETNAM-STYLE MILITARY-CONTROLLED STRATEGIC HAMLETS AND CIVILIAN =
DEFENSE
PATROLS. TODAY GUATEMALA IS LARGEST WAREHOUSE FOR COCAINE =
TRANSHIPMENTS TO
U.S. DRUG TRADE RUN BY MILITARY WHICH TRIES TO BLAME THE LEFTISTS. =
COVERT
ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) SPRING 94 28-33
=20
CENTRAL AMERICA, 81-87 DEATH TOLL UNDER REAGAN IN EL SALVADOR =
PASSED
50,000 AND IN GUATEMALA IT MAY APPROACH 100,000. IN NICARAGUA 11,000
CIVILIANS KILLED BY 1968. DEATH TOLL IN REGION 150,000 OR MORE. =
CHOMSKY, N.
(1988). THE CULTURE OF TERRORISM 29
CIA SET UP ANSESAL AND OTHER NETWORKS OF TERROR IN EL SALVADOR, =
GUATEMALA
(ANSEGAT) AND PRE-SANDINISTA NICARAGUA (ANSENIC). THE CIA CREATED,
STRUCTURED AND TRAINED SECRET POLICE IN SOUTH KOREA, IRAN, CHILE AND
URUGUAY, AND ELSEWHERE - ORGANIZATIONS RESPONSIBLE FOR UNTOLD =
THOUSANDS OF
TORTURES, DISAPPEARANCES, AND DEATHS. SPARK 4/85 P2-4
GUATEMALA, 53-84 FOR 30 YEARS THE CIA HAS BEEN BANKROLLING A MAN =
REPORTED
TO BE BEHIND RIGHT-WING TERROR IN CENTRAL AMERICA. THE CIA'S PROTEGE, =
MARIO
SANDOVAL ALARCON, FORMER V.P. OF GUATEMALA, NOW HEADS THE NATIONAL
LIBERATION MOVEMENT (NLM) FOUNDED IN 53 BY CIA AS A PARAMILITARY FORCE =
TO
OVERTHROW ARBENZ. BY MID-60S SANDOVAL EMERGED AS HEAD OF THE ORG. THE =
WHITE
HAND OR LA MANO BLANCO WITH CLOSE TIES TO THE NLM WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR =
AS
MANY AS 8000 DEATHS IN THE 60S PLUS MORE IN THE 70S. SANDOVAL A PILLAR =
OF
THE WORLD ANTI-COMMUNIST LEAGUE. THE CIA STILL FUNDS SANDOVAL. JA
WASHINGTON POST1 1/30/84
GUATEMALA, 54-76 EFFECT OF CIA COUP ORGANIZED LABOR ALL BUT WIPED =
OUT.
UNION MEMBERSHIP DROPPED 100,000 TO 27,000 IMMEDIATELY AND CONTINUED
DECLINE THEREAFTER, IN PART DUE TO DEATH SQUAD ACTIVITY. BARRY, T., =
& =20
PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD IN CENTRAL AMERICA 21
GUATEMALA. POLICE TRAINED BY AID PUBLIC SAFETY PROGRAM MURDERED OR
DISAPPEARED 15,000 PEOPLE. LERNOUX, P. (1982). CRY OF THE PEOPLE 186
GUATEMALA, 70-72 UNDER ARANA PRESIDENCY, WITH MARIO SANDOVAL =
ALARCON AND
OTHERS INVOLVED IN RIGHT-WING TERRORISM, ARANA UNLEASHED ONE OF THE =
MOST
GRUESOME SLAUGHTERS IN RECENT LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY (ONLY IN CHILE,
FOLLOWING THE COUP AGAINST ALLENDE WAS THE DEGREE OF VIOLENCE =
GREATER). THE
NYT REPORTED IN JUNE 71 THAT AT LEAST 2000 GUATEMALANS WERE =
ASSASSINATED
BETWEEN 11/70 AND 5/71; MOST CORPSES SHOWED SIGNS OF TORTURE. MOST OF
KILLING ATTRIBUTED TO THE OFFICIALLY SUPPORTED TERRORIST ORGS OJO POR =
OJO
(AN EYE FOR AN EYE) AND MANO BLANCA. JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. =
(EDS.). (1974).
GUATEMALA 202-3
GUATEMALA, 70-87 VIOLENCE BY SECURITY FORCES ORGANIZED BY CIA, =
TRAINED
IN TORTURE BY ADVISORS FROM ARGENTINA, CHILE. SUPPORTED BY WEAPON, =
COMPUTER
EXPERTS FROM ISRAEL. MARSHALL, J., SCOTT P.D., & HUNTER, J. =
(1987). THE
IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 133
GUATEMALA. TRAINED 60-82 MILITARY DEATH SQUADS WHO USED "TERROR =
TACTICS"
FROM KILLING TO INDISCRIMINATE NAPALMING OF VILLAGES. SPECIAL FORCES =
ALMOST
CERTAINLY PARTICIPATED IN OPS DESPITE CONGRESSIONAL PROHIBITION. =
MARSHALL,
J., SCOTT P.D., & HUNTER, J. (1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION =
193
GUATEMALA, 54 THE US AMBASSADOR, AFTER OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ GVT, =
GAVE
LISTS TO ARMAS OF RADICAL OPPONENTS TO BE ELIMINATED. NACLA (MAGAZINE =
RE
LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P4
GUATEMALA, 85 THE WORLD ANTI-COMMUNIST LEAGUE'S POINT MAN, MARIO =
SANDOVAL
ALARCON, REMAINS A LEAGUE MEMBER EVEN AFTER EXPOSED AS A DEATH SQUAD
PATRIARCH WHO WAS ON THE CIA PAYROLL. JA WASHINGTON POST8 8/9/86
GUATEMALA, CIRCA 68-70 U.S. CI PROGRAM TURNED AREA INTO BLOODY WAR =
ZONE
TAKING THE LIVES OF THOUSANDS OF PEASANTS. FORMED MANO BLANCA OR WHITE
HAND. PLAN USED THRUOUT COUNTRY IN 70 NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN =
AMERICA)
3/74 P19
</PRE><PRE> ISRAEL RANKS AS FIFTH LARGEST EXPORTER OF ARMS IN WORLD, =
ACCORDING CIA
ESTIMATES, AND HAS BECOME ESSENTIAL ELEMENT GLOBAL CI BUSINESS. "HIT =
LISTS"
USED BY DEATH SQUADS IN GUATEMALA HAVE BEEN COMPUTERIZED WITH ISRAELI
ASSISTANCE AND UZI MACHINE GUNS THE STANDARD WEAPON OF DEATH SQUADS. =
COVERT
ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) SUMMER 88 5
LATIN AMERICA. CIA ORGANIZES RIGHT WING TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS THAT =
ATTACK
AND ASSASSINATE LEFTIST POLITICIANS AND OTHERS WITHOUT IMPLICATING =
FOREIGN
GOV'S. GROUPS INCLUDE "LA MANO BLANCO" & "OJO POR OJO" =
(GUATEMALA), "LA
BANDA" (DOMINICAN REPUBLIC), & "DEATH SQUAD" (BRAZIL). COUNTERSPY =
3/73 4
LATIN AMERICA. CIA TRAINED ASSASSINATION GROUPS SUCH AS HALCONES IN =
MEXICO,
THE MANO BLANCA IN GUATEMALA, AND THE ESCUADRON DE LA MUERTE IN =
BRAZIL.
NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 8/74 P11
DECEPTION
GUATEMALA 54 WELL-ORGANIZED RUMOR MILL USED IN OP SUCCESS. AMERICANS =
IN
CONTACT U.S. EMBASSY, AS WELL AS EMBASSY EMPLOYEES, BENIGNLY ASKED
GUATEMALAN FRIENDS IF IT TRUE THAT CRUISERS AND AIRCRAFT CARRIERS HAD
ANCHORED OFF COAST OR THAT PARATROOPERS HAD LANDED IN NORTH. RUMORS =
CAME
BACK WITHIN HOURS TO THE PEOPLE WHO HAD STARTED THEM, NEARLY ALWAYS
EXPANDED TO LUDICROUS PROPORTIONS. DL 236 FROM SCHLESINGER, S., & =
KINZER,
S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 192-93
GUATEMALA, 51-54 BERNAYS WITH UNITED FRUIT BROUGHT GUATEMALA TO =
ATTENTION
OF NEW YORK TIMES PUBLISHER SULZBURGER WHO MADE AN INSPECTION TRIP TO
COUNTRY - WHILE ON TRIP A "COMMUNIST RIOT" TOOK PLACE. A PR COUP FOR
BERNAYS. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED
FRUIT 46
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER A GUATEMALAN FIGHTER PILOT DEFECTED IN 1954, CIA
AGENTS GOT HIM DRUNK SO HE WOULD CALL ON FORMER COLLEAGUES TO DEFECT. =
PILOT
REFUSED AT FIRST, BUT THEN OBLIGED WHEN CIA TOLD HIM TO ACT OUT KIND =
OF
SPEECH HE WOULD MAKE IF HE HAD NO RELATIVES IN GUAT. CIA BROADCASTED
RECORDING FROM VOICE OF LIBERATION, A REBEL STATION OPERATING OUT OF
HONDURAS. GUATEMALANS PROMPTLY GROUNDED THEIR AIR FORCE. WYDEN, P. =
(1979).
BAY OF PIGS THE UNTOLD STORY 21
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA'S "VOICE OF LIBERATION" RADIO OPERATORS SNUGGLED =
UP TO
FREQUENCIES GUATEMALAN RADIO STATIONS AND SPOOFED MILITARY SIGNALS,
SKILLFULLY PAINTED A PICTURE OF WAR AND UPHEAVAL. FABRICATED REPORTS =
OF
LARGE TROOP MOVEMENTS, FEARSOME BATTLES, MAJOR GUATEMALAN DEFEATS AND
GROWING REBEL STRENGTH FRIGHTENING AN ALREADY CONFUSED AND =
DISHEARTENED
PEOPLE. DL 234 FROM SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER =
FRUIT=20
184-85
GUATEMALA, 54 COMMUNISM USED AS TOOL TO RALLY CENTRAL AMERICAN =
SUPPORT
AND AS AN EXCUSE TO OVERTHROW NATIONALIST, ANTI-IMPERIALIST GVT OF =
ARBENZ.
A.A. BERLE SENT OUTLINE PLAN FOR OVERTHROW OF GVT. COOK, B. (1981). =
THE
DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 230-234
GUATEMALA, 54 FINAL OPS NEEDED ONE USEABLE GUATEMALAN DEFECTOR AND =
ONE
REASONABLE PRETEXT. CIA OFFICER DEFECTED SENIOR OFFICER ON ARBENZ'S =
STAFF.
HE SUPPLIED MILITARY INFO AND "CONFIRMED ARRIVAL OF CZECH MUNITIONS =
SHIP."
ARRIVAL OF ALFHEM, CARRYING ARMS WAS LONG AWAITED PRETEXT. U.S. PUBLIC
RELATIONS FLOP. COOK, B. (1981). THE DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 266-268
GUATEMALA, 54 PLAN ONE PART MILITARY ACTION AND NINE PARTS =
PROPAGANDA AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE. POWERS, T. (1979). THE MAN WHO KEPT THE SECRETS
86-8
GUATEMALA, 54 THE DOS PROTEST IN 5/54 THAT A CZECH ARMS SHIPMENT WAS =
ON
ITS WAY TO PUERTO BARRIOS WAS JUST A PSYWAR PLOY. JEFFREYS-JONES, R.
(1989). THE CIA & AMERICAN DEMOCRACY 91
HONDURAS, GUATEMALA, 54 ON 22 JUN 54, GUA. REBEL P-47 BOMBED =
HONDURAN
BORDER TOWN OF SAN PEDRO DE COPAN. SEC. DULLES ANNOUNCED GOV. OF =
GUATEMALA
WAS RESPONSIBLE. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 340
NICARAGUA, GUATEMALA, 54 IN EFFORT TO DEMONSTRATE SOVIET ARMING OF
GUATEMALA, CIA PLANTED SOVIET MARKED ARMS CACHE ON NICARAGUA'S PACIFIC
COAST IN MAY 54. SOMOZA FLAUNTED "DISCOVERY" FOR PRESS. GLIEJESES, P.
(1991). SHATTERED HOPE 294
FROM 50-59 CIA DURING DULLES ERA TOPPLED ONLY 2 GVTS-- IRAN AND
GUATEMALA. CLINE, R.S. (1976). SECRETS, SPIES, AND SCHOLARS 133
DOMESTIC. EISENHOWER LIED RE U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN GUATEMALAN COUP 54 =
ABOUT
CIA'S SUPPORT REBELLION INDONESIA 58 AND GARY POWERS 60 U-2 =
MISSION.
KENNEDY LIED ABOUT CIA'S ROLE AT BAY OF PIGS 61 JOHNSON ADM LIED =
ABOUT
EXTENT OPS IN VIETNAM AND LAOS NIXON LIED ABOUT CIA'S ROLE IN CHILE =
70=20
FOR ADHERENTS CULT OF INTEL, HYPOCRISY, DECEPTION, LIKE SECRECY, ARE
STANDARD TO PREVENT PUBLIC AWARENESS CIA OPS. MARCHETTI, V., & =
MARKS, J.D.
(1974). THE CIA AND THE CULT OF INTELLIGENCE 6
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER CIA COUP, TO PROVE ARBENZ A COMMUNIST, CIA TOOK
NEWSMEN ON TOUR OF HIS HOUSE WHERE THEY FOUND SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS =
OBVIOUSLY
PRINTED IN THE USSR. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER =
FRUIT
220
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA FABRICATED AN INCIDENT THAT COULD BE USED TO =
JUSTIFY
MILITARY INTERVENTION. PILOT SENT TO DROP SEVERAL BOMBS AROUND A =
HONDURAN
AIRSTRIP NEAR BORDER SO HONDURANS COULD CLAIM THEY ATTACKED BY ARBENZ.
HONDURAS WOULD THEN CALL FOR HELP FROM OAS. PLOT BADLY HANDLED AND DID =
NOT
WORK. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 175
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA LAUNCHED CLANDESTINE RADIO CAMPAIGN 7 WEEKS =
BEFORE
INVASION. TRAINED 3 GUATEMALANS AT OPA-LOCKA IN CLASSIC =
DISINFORMATION.
STATION CALLED VOICE OF LIBERATION. THEME OF BROADCASTS WAS ARBENZ =
SECRETLY
PLANNING TO DISBAND ARMED FORCES AND REPLACE THEM WITH PEOPLES =
MILITIA. CIA
LEAFLETS CARRIED SAME MESSAGE. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. =
(1983). BITTER
FRUIT 168
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA LEAFLETS DROPPED IN GUATEMALA WARNED OF A SECRET =
PLAN
BY PRES. ARBENZ TO REPLACE MILITARY WITH A CITIZENS FORCES (OR =
MILITIA).
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 8
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA-BACKED BROADCASTS FABRICATED REPORTS OF LARGE =
TROOP
MOVEMENTS, FEARSOME BATTLES, MAJOR GUATEMALAN DEFEATS AND GROWING =
REBEL
STRENGTH. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 185, =
192
GUATEMALA, 54 RUMORS FLOATED THAT LARGE LABOR CONFEDERATIONS, THE =
RURAL
UNION CNGG, HAD SENT TELEGRAMS TO PROVINCIAL AFFILIATES TELLING THEM =
TO
PREPARE FIGHT ENEMY. OPS RAISED SPECTER OF A "PEOPLES MILITIA."
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 165
GUATEMALA, 54 SMALL CIA AIR FORCE OF P-47 THUNDERBOLTS BOMBED =
GUATEMALA,
AMBASSADOR TO UN CATEGORICALLY DENIED U.S. INVOLVEMENT COUP. WISE, D.
(1973). THE POLITICS OF LYING 51
GUATEMALA, DOMESTIC OP, 54 NEWSMEN AFTER COUP BROUGHT TO ARBENZ'S =
HOME
AND SHOWN STACKS OF SOVIET TEXTBOOK AND OTHER EVIDENCE ARBENZ'S =
COMMUNIST
STOOGE ROLE. BUT NYT REPORTER DECIDED EVIDENCE PLANTED. BUT TIME =
MAGAZINE
REPORTED IT. KWITNY, J. (1984). ENDLESS ENEMIES 227
MEMBERS CULT OF INTEL, HAVE LIED TO PROTECT THE CIA AND TO HIDE THEIR =
OWN
RESPONSIBILITY FOR OPS. EISENHOWER ADM LIED TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE =
ABOUT
CIA INVOLVEMENT IN GUATEMALA COUP, ABOUT AGENCY'S SUPPORT FOR =
UNSUCCESSFUL
REBELLION IN INDONESIA, ABOUT GARY POWER'S U-2 MISSION. KENNEDY ADM =
LIED
ABOUT BAY OF PIGS, JOHNSON ADM LIED ABOUT VIETNAM AND LAOS. NIXON
ADMINISTRATION ADM LIED ABOUT CHILEAN OVERTHROW. MARCHETTI, V., & =
MARKS,
J.D. (1974). THE CIA AND THE CULT OF INTELLIGENCE 5
DOCUMENT
GUATEMALA, 54 HOWARD HUNT ISSUED FALSE DOCUMENTS. SCHLESINGER, S., =
& =20
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 114
GUATEMALA, CIRCA 54 FOR HIS ASSIGNMENT TO THE CENTRAL COVER =
DIVISION
PROVIDED H. HUNT WITH DOCUMENTATION IN ALIAS, AUTHENTIC BUT =
NON-FUNCTIONAL
CREDIT CARDS, BANK REFERENCES AND THE LIKE. HUNT, H.J. (1974). =
UNDERCOVER
97
DOMESTIC OP
CENTRAL AMERICA, 83-84 TEXT OF AN NSC DOC "U.S. POLICY IN C.A. AND =
CUBA
THROUGH F.Y.84, SUMMARY PAPER," ON A MEETING OF THE NSC PLANNING GROUP
4/82. DOC CALLS FOR KEEPING THE NICARAGUAN GVT FROM "EXPORTING =
REVOLUTION,"
AND TO STRENGTHEN PRO-U.S. ELEMENTS IN EL SALVADOR AND GUATEMALA. IT
APPROVES THE BEGINNING OF COVERT OPS IN GUATEMALA AGAINST ANTI-GVT =
FORCES
AND AN EFFORT TO KEEP MEXICO "ISOLATED" FROM C.A. ISSUES. GROUP =
DISCUSSED
MAKING CONCERTED EFFORT TO INCREASE FACTIONAL STRIFE AMONG GUERRILLA =
GROUPS
AND THEIR POLITICAL ALLIES IN EL SALVADOR. PROPOSED STEPPING UP =
EFFORTS TO
COOPT CONGRESSIONAL EFFORTS TO LINK APPROVAL OF AID TO PROMOTION OF =
TALKS
BETWEEN WARRING SIDES IN C.A. NEW YORK TIMES 4/7/83 A1,16
=20
GEORGE BUSH'S SECOND ELDEST SON, JOHN ELLIS OR JEB, ALSO LINKED TO
CLANDESTINE SCHEMES IN SUPPORT OF CONTRAS. JEB ACTED AS REAGAN ADM'S
UNOFFICIAL LINK WITH CONTRAS AND NICARAGUAN EXILES IN MIAMI. JEB =
HELPED
RIGHT-WING GUATEMALAN POLITICIAN DR. MARIO CASTEJON GET IN CONTACT =
WITH
OLIVER NORTH RE VARIOUS PROJECTS. CASTEJON PROPOSAL RE MEDICAL AID =
PROJECT
FOR CONTRAS. CASTEJON PROPOSAL TO TGS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED IN =
VIRGINIA.
WHALEY SAID HE SENT REPORT TO TGS SO IT WOULD BE QUIETLY FORWARDED TO =
CIA.
TGS INTERNATIONAL OWNED BY TED SHACKLEY. JEB INVOLVED WITH MIGUEL =
RECAREY,
JR, A RIGHT-WING CUBAN WHO HEADED INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CENTERS (IMC) =
IN
MIAMI. HHS MEDICARE FRAUD INSPECTOR CHARGED IMC USED MEDICARE FUNDS TO
TREAT WOUNDED CONTRAS AT ITS HOSPITAL. TRANSACTION ARRANGED BY IMC =
OFFICIAL
JOSE BASULTO, A RIGHT-WING CUBAN TRAINED BY CIA. RECAREY EMBEZZLING
MEDICARE FUNDS. RECAREY HAS LINKS TO MAFIA - INFO RE SANTOS =
TRAFFICANTE.
RECAREY FLED U.S. IN 87 TO AVOID FEDERAL INDICTMENT. JEB BUSH ALSO =
LINKED
TO LEONEL MARTINEZ, MIAMI-BASED CUBAN-AMERICAN DRUG TRAFFICKER WHO =
LINKED
TO EDEN PASTORA. DETAILS RE MARTINEZ'S DEALS. TIES TO BCCI, ETC. =
COVERT
ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) SUMMER 92 54-58
GUATEMALA, 54 JOHN PUERIFOY TOLD "TIME" MAGAZINE REPORTER "PUBLIC
OPINION" IN U.S. MIGHT FORCE ACTIONS TO PREVENT GUATEMALA FALLING INTO =
LAP
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISM. PRES. EISENHOWER TALKED ABOUT EVIDENCE AGENTS
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISM BUT LITTLE EVIDENCE. PRADOS, J. (1986). =
PRESIDENTS'
SECRET WARS 102
GUATEMALA, 54 NATIONAL GUARD UNITS IN DEEP SOUTH LOANED PLANES TO =
CIA
WHICH IN TURN RENTED THEM TO GVT OF NICARAGUA FOR $100 A PIECE.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 115
GUATEMALA, 54 TO SILENCE SYDNEY GRUSON, AN EXPERIENCED NY TIMES
REPORTER, ALLEN DULLES CONTACTED GENERAL JULIUS ADLER, BUSINESS =
MANAGER OF
THE TIMES. TOLD HIM GRUSON AND WIFE, FLORA LEWIS, WERE UNRELIABLE. =
ARTHUR
HAYS SULZBERGER, PUBLISHER, TOLD GRUSON TO STAY PUT IN MEXICO CITY =
(DURING
CIA COUP). SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 155
GUATEMALA, 54 EDWARD BERNAYS CHIEF LOBBYIST OF FORCES SEEKING THE
OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ'S GVT HAD AN ESPECIALLY CLOSE RELATIONSHIP WITH =
"THE
NEW LEADER," A VIGOROUSLY ANTI-COMMUNIST LIBERAL WEEKLY.... BERNAYS
PERSUADED UNITED FRUIT COMPANY TO SPONSOR PUBLIC SERVICE ADS ON BEHALF =
OF
RED CROSS AND U.S. SAVINGS BONDS IN THE MAGAZINE AT $1,000.00 A PAGE, =
FAR
ABOVE GOING RATE. "THE NEW LEADER"...CARRIED NUMEROUS ARTICLES, BOTH =
BEFORE
AND AFTER COUP, JUSTIFYING INTERVENTION AGAINST ARBENZ'S REGIME ON =
GROUNDS
THAT A SOVIET TAKEOVER LIKELY. A MANAGING EDITOR OF "THE NEW LEADER" =
IN THE
50s, DANIEL JAMES, WROTE A BOOK ENTITLED "RED DESIGN FOR THE =
AMERICAS,"
WHICH PROVIDED A RATIONALE FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF GUATEMALAN =
DEMOCRACY.
UNITED FRUIT AND CIA COOPERATED TO ENSURE WORK HAD A WIDE =
DISTRIBUTION.
TAKEN FROM BOOK BITTER FRUIT. HITCHENS, C. (1988). PREPARED FOR THE =
WORST
271
GUATEMALA, 54 THE NEW YORK TIMES AND LIFE USED INFORMATION FROM THE
CIA-BACKED STATION "VOICE OF LIBERATION," AS AUTHENTIC. PHILLIPS, D.A.
(1977). THE NIGHT WATCH 46
GUATEMALA, 54 TO CONVINCE WORLD THAT REDS IN GUATEMALA DOMINATED, =
OPS
COORDINATION BOARD SPECIAL STAFF GATHERED ALL DATA TO SEND TO =
APPROPRIATE
INDIVIDUALS THRUOUT AMERICAS. THERE TO BE INQUIRY BY HOUSE SELECT =
COMMITTEE
ON COMMUNIST AGGRESSION, CHAIRED BY CHARLES KERSTEN; AN INQUIRY BY =
SENATE
SUB-COM ON INTERNAL SECURITY. FRANK WISNER, DDP, SUGGESTED EISENHOWER =
TELL
CONGRESSIONAL LEADERS "WE ARE TRYING TO PURGE GVT OF COMMUNIST =
ELEMENTS."
COOK, B. (1981). THE DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 265
GUATEMALA, 54 WITH DECISION TO OVERTHROW GVT THE DOS SOLICITED =
NEWSMEN TO
WRITE ABOUT EVENTS. ONE DOS MEMO SAID ITS OFFICERS SHOULD VISIT AN =
EDITOR
OF FORTUNE, CHARLES MURPHY, PRESUMABLY TO LEAK HIM "FAVORABLE =
STORIES," AND
ANOTHER SAID THE SIMILAR IDEA RE DREW PEARSON. THE NATION 10/28/78 =
P442
GUATEMALA, 80 GUATEMALAN CITIZENS WITH CIA LINKS CONTRIBUTED =
ALLEGED $10
MILLION TO REAGAN ELECTION CAMPAIGN. MARSHALL, J., SCOTT P.D., & =
HUNTER, J.
(1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 53-4
GUATEMALA, 54 OPA-LOCKA MARINE AIR BASE IS BASE FOR CIA OVERTURN =
OP.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 110
GUATEMALA, MEDIA, 54 DULLES LIED TO NYT TO GET TIME'S BEST REPORTER =
OUT
OF CENTRAL AMERICA BEFORE COUP. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. =
(1983).
BITTER FRUIT XIII
</PRE><PRE> ISRAEL, 60-93 FOR DECADES ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE OF =
B'NAI B'RITH HAS RUN
A PRIVATE SPY NET. MAINTAINED FILES ON 950 ORGANIZATIONS AND NEARLY =
10,000
INDIVIDUALS. ADL COOPERATED WITH STATE, FEDERAL, AND FOREIGN =
INTELLIGENCE
ENTITIES. SHARING INCLUDED CONFIDENTIAL INFO WAS ILLEGAL, A THREAT TO =
CIVIL
LIBERTIES, AND AN INFRINGEMENT ON RIGHT TO PRIVACY. THOSE INVOLVED =
INCLUDED
TOM GERARD, ROY BULLOCK, IRWIN SUALL, THOMAS HALPERIN, ETC. GERARD WAS =
AN
OFFICER OF SAN FRAN POLICE DEPT SINCE 68 WHO CLAIMS FROM 82-85, HE =
TOOK A
3-YEAR LEAVE TO SERVE WITH CIA IN EL SALVADOR (WITH DEATH SQUADS), =
HONDURAS
AND GUATEMALA AS A BOMB EXPERT. HE ALSO CLAIMED TO HAVE SERVED IN =
ALGERIA
AND AFGHANISTAN. IN POLICE SEARCH THEY FOUND IN GERARD'S LOCKER SOME
SOUVENIRS OF CIA DAYS, 10 PASSPORTS IN DIFFERENT NAMES, CIA MANUALS.
LOOSE-LEAF BINDER HAD MORE THAN 100 NAMES AND PHONE NUMBERS TITLED
"INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES DIV, SPECIAL ACTIVITIES GROUP" WHICH HANDLES
CIA'S PM OPS. HE SAID IT WAS A WHO'S WHO OF CIA AND HE STASHED =
MATERIAL IN
85 WHEN HE LEFT CIA IN CASE HE EVER NEEDED PROTECTION. A LIST OF
ORGANIZATIONS FOUND IN ADL'S FILES. COVERT ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN
(QUARTERLY) SUMMER 93 29-37
MEDIA. AUTHORS ARTICLES IN SAT EVEN POST R. AND G. HARKNESS STATED =
THEY
SPENT YEAR WITH CIA IN PREPARING SERIES ARTICLES IN OCT/NOV 54 =
CLAIMED
CIA HAD ROLE EGYPT REVOLT OF 52, GUATEMALA 54 AND IRAN 53. KWITNY, J.
(1984). ENDLESS ENEMIES 165
=20
</PRE><PRE> THE CHIEF PR OFFICER OF UNITED FRUIT COMPANY SAID "A =
GREAT DEAL OF THE NEWS
WHICH APPEARED IN THE NORTH AMERICAN PRESS WAS SUPPLIED, EDITED AND
SOMETIMES MADE UP BY UNITED FRUIT'S PUBLIC RELATIONS DEPT." DURING THE
PERIOD WHEN BOTH "COMPANIES" (UF AND THE CIA) WERE LAYING THE =
GROUNDWORK
FOR THE OVERTHROW OF THE GUATEMALAN DEMOCRACY. Z MAGAZINE 11/88 14
DRUGS
ECONOMIC WAR
GUATEMALA, 54 U.S. POLITICAL ACTION OFFICER IN GUATEMALA, JOHN HILL,
LISTED SEVERAL ECONOMIC MEASURES TO KEEP GUATEMALA OFF BALANCE. 1. =
DIVERT
GAS TANKERS; 2. CREDIT FROM U.S. INSTITUTIONS THREATENED OR STOPPED. =
3.
FLIGHT OF CAPITAL - CIA PLANNED A RUMOR CAMPAIGN TO STIMULATE A =
BUSINESS
PANIC. COOK, B. (1981). THE DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 271
FLAP
=20
GUATEMALA, 51 CIA TECHNICAL INSTALLATION IN THE HQS OF THE =
GUATEMALAN
COMMUNIST PARTY WAS TRACED BACK TO THE CIA STATION. HUNT, H.J. (1974).
UNDERCOVER 83
FOUNDATION
GUATEMALA, 54 TO COVER OVERTURN OP CIA SET UP A MEDICAL INSTITUTE =
AS A
CHARITABLE FOUNDATION. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). =
BITTER FRUIT
115
</PRE><PRE> </PRE><PRE> GUATEMALA, 53-54 IN OP PBSUCCESS CIA =
CREATED DUMMY ARMS COMPANY,
INTERNATIONAL ARMAMENT CORPORATION (INTERARMCO) TO SERVE AS CONDUIT =
FOR
ARMS TO NICARAGUA AND HONDURAS. CIA USED VARIETY DUMMY ORGANIZATIONS =
TO
SEND PLANES TO REBELS. NATIONAL GUARD UNITS IN SOUTHERN U.S. LOANED =
PLANES
TO CIA, WHICH RENTED THEM TO NICARAGUA FOR ONE DOLLAR EACH. AIR FORCE =
OF A
DOZEN PLANES. TREVERTON, G. (1987). COVERT ACTION 63
GUATEMALA, 85-86 AIR COMMANDO ASSOCIATION (ACA). THE PRESIDENT OF
GUATEMALA, IN 85 INVITED ACA TO ESTABLISH A MEDICAL RELIEF PROGRAM IN =
IXIL
TRIANGLE IN WAR-TORN GUATEMALAN HIGHLANDS. ACA'S MAIN ACTIVITIES TOOK =
PLACE
AT NEBAJ WHERE, IN COOPERATION WITH ARMY OF GUATEMALA, ACA ESTABLISHED =
A
CLINIC. NEBAJ IS AN ENCLOSED CAMP THAT WAS PART OF THE GVT'S PROGRAM =
TO
RELOCATE INDIANS DISPLACED BY ARMY'S CI CAMPAIGNS. ACA AND THE =
NATIONAL
DEFENSE COUNCIL DELIVERED MEDICAL SUPPLIES FOR GUATEMALA'S =
CONTROVERSIAL
RESETTLEMENT PROGRAM. IN 87, ACA CHANGED ITS NAME FOR ITS GUATEMALAN =
OPS TO
THRESHOLD FOUNDATION. US AID HAS SUPPLIED ACA WITH FREE TRANSPORTATION =
FROM
MICHIGAN TO MIAMI FOR WMR GOODS. "OPERATION BLESSING" OF EVANGELICAL
CHRISTIAN BROADCASTING NETWORK ALSO PROVIDED MEDICINAL SUPPLIES. =
RESOURCE
CENTER GROUPWATCH PROJECT
FUNDING
=20
GUATEMALA
GUATAMALA, FORMER CUBAN MAFIA ASSOC, JOHN MARTINO, WITH LINKS TO =
KENNEDY
ASSASSINATION WENT 70 TO GUATEMALA FOR CIA. MARSHALL, J., SCOTT =
P.D., & =20
HUNTER, J. (1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 66, 252
GUATEMALA, 54 GOOD CAPSULE ACCT OF CIA OVERTHROW ARBENZ. CORSON, =
W.R.
(1977). ARMIES OF IGNORANCE 354-358
=20
GUATAMALA, USIA, 54 PROPAGANDISTS WROTE MORE THAN 200 ARTICLES =
ABOUT
GUATEMALA BASED ON INFO FROM CIA SOURCES AND DISTRIBUTED THEM FOR =
ANONYMOUS
PLACEMENT IN SCORES OF LATIN NEWSPAPERS. USIA SHIPPED MORE THAN =
100,000
COPIES PAMPHLET CALLED "CHRONOLOGY OF COMMUNISM IN GUATEMALA" 27,000 =
COPIES
OF ANTI-COMMUNISM CARTOONS AND POSTERS WERE DISTRIBUTED. USIA PRODUCED =
3
MOVIES ON GUATEMALA. VARIOUS OTHER PRESS OPS DESCRIBED. SCHLESINGER, =
S., & =20
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 167
HONDURAS
HONDURAS, ARGENTINA PROVIDING ADVISORS 81 TO CONTRAS, CENTRAL =
AMERICA
DEATH SQUADS TO TEACH COUNTERINSURGENCY OPS. TAUGHT; KIDNAP SUSPECT,
QUESTION UNDER TORTURE, KILL THEM, KIDNAP ANOTHER REPEAT PROCESS. =
CALLED
"CLEANING OP". RIGHTIST FROM EL SALVADOR SAID ARGENTINES WERE GREAT =
HELP TO
[GUATEMALA] DEATH SQUADS, BEFORE THEY USED TO KILL RIGHT AWAY. =
ARGENTINES
TAUGHT THEM TO WAIT UNTIL AFTER INTERROGATION. MARSHALL, J., SCOTT =
P.D., & =20
HUNTER, J. (1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 130
INTEL F
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA EXAGGERATED ITS INTEL CAPABILITIES IN OPERATION
SUCCESS. IT FALSELY CLAIMED HAVING INFILTRATED ARBENZ'S STAFF WITH A
DOCUMENTED EUROPEAN BUSINESS MAN WHO ACHIEVED THE DEFECTION OF A =
SENIOR
OFFICER. DEFECTOR SUPPOSEDLY PROVIDED UP TO THE MINUTE REPORTS ON =
ARBENZ'S
INTENTIONS AND DISPOSITION OF TROOPS. IN REALITY, CIA WAS POORLY =
INFORMED
THROUGHOUT MUCH OF THE OPERATION. ON 24 JUN 54, ONE DAY PRIOR TO =
ARMY'S
DEFECTION, CIA WAS PESSIMISTIC ABOUT CHANCES FOR SUCCESS. CIA AGENTS =
HAD NO
EXPERIENCE IN CENTRAL AMERICA AND COULD NOT EFFECTIVELY INFILTRATE =
ARMY. NO
CONTINGENCY PLANS EXISTED IF ATTEMPTED COUP SHOULD HAVE FAILED. =
GLIEJESES,
P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 335-337, 373-375
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA INSPECTOR GENERAL LYMAN KIRKPATRICK WAS EXCLUDED =
FROM
OP SUCCESS. HE ALONG WITH RICHARD BISSELL, NOTED THAT NO POST-OP
EXAMINATION WAS EVER MADE TO DETERMINE CAUSES OF OPERATION'S APPARENT
SUCCESS. OP SUCCESS OVERINFLATED CIA CONFIDENCE, ULTIMATELY LEADING TO =
BAY
OF PIGS DEBACLE. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 372-373
INTEL-POLICY
GUATEMALA, 54 HORROR STORIES REACHED WASHINGTON VIA HOWARD HUNT'S
ATROCITY STORIES - A DELEGATION OF ANTI-COMMUNIST STUDENTS HAD THEIR
TESTICLES WIRED-UP AND POWER-HOSED THEIR MOUTHS AND RECTUMS. THESE =
HELPFUL
IN OVERCOMING QUALMS AROUND AGENCY. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS =
339-348
GUATEMALA, CIRCA 53-54 CIA REPORTED ARBENZ REGIME ARMING ITS =
SUPPORTERS
IN LABOR UNIONS AGAINST CONSERVATIVE ARMY AND POSSIBLE INVASION FROM =
EL
SALVADOR. HIGGINS, T. (1987). THE PERFECT FAILURE 17
LABOR
=20
GUATEMALA 54 AFL JOINS UNITED FRUIT IN SUPPORT RIGHT WING COUP. =
LABOR
ORGANIZING, ENCOURAGED UNDER CIVILIAN GVT, OUTLAWED UNDER SUBSEQUENT
MILITARY RULE. BARRY, T., & PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD IN CENTRAL =
AMERICA
19
GUATAMALA, DECEPTION, CIRCA 50 USIA IN GUATEMALA ESTABLISHES =
ANTI-ARBENZ
NEWS SERVICE WHICH DISTRIBUTED BLACK PROPAGANDA LABELLING GVT =
OFFICIALS AND
LABOR LEADERS COMMUNISTS. BARRY, T., & PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD =
IN CENTRAL
AMERICA 20
FROM 49-88 ARCHITECTS OF LABOR'S FOREIGN POLICY CREATED AN =
INTERNATIONAL
AFFAIRS OP WHICH COOPERATED CLOSELY WITH THE CIA TO BREAK LEFT-LED =
STRIKES
IN FRANCE IN 49 AND OVERTHROW LEFTIST GVTS IN GUATEMALA IN 54. THE
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DEPT THEY CREATED IN THE AFL-CIO EXPECTS TO =
SPEND $33
MILLION ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS ($29 MILLION OF IT FROM THE U.S. =
GVT)--THREE
TIMES WHAT THE AFL-CIO SPENDS ON ORGANIZING AND 10 TIMES ITS BUDGET =
FOR
CIVIL RIGHTS. FOR A DETAILED ACCOUNT Z MAG 11/88 P98-104
GUATEMALA, 47-54 UNTIL 54 LITTLE UNION ACTIVITY IN COUNTRY AND =
FEW CIA
LABOR OPS. 54 ARBENZ GVT CHALLENGES UNITED FRUIT. LABOR ARDENT =
SUPPORT
ARBENZ. CIA TRIES MANIPULATE LABOR AWAY FROM ARBENZ. EFFORT FAILS AND =
CIA
ENGINEERS OVERTHROW, AFTER WHICH ONLY UNITED FRUIT COMPANY UNION AND =
SAMF
ALLOWED EXIST. ORIT AND AFL SUPPORT COUP. COUNTERSPY WINTER 75 44
GUATEMALA, 53 ORIT/AFL TRY ESTABLISH PRO-U.S. BASE BY FUNDING =
NATIONAL
UNION OF FREE WORKERS OF GUATEMALA. WISE TO PLOT, ARBENZ DEPORTS ITS
LEADERS. BARRY, T., & PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD IN CENTRAL AMERICA =
20
GUATEMALA, 54-76 EFFECT OF CIA COUP ORGANIZED LABOR ALL BUT WIPED =
OUT.
UNION MEMBERSHIP DROPPED 100,000 TO 27,000 IMMEDIATELY AND CONTINUED
DECLINE THEREAFTER, IN PART DUE TO DEATH SQUAD ACTIVITY. BARRY, T., =
& =20
PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD IN CENTRAL AMERICA 21
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER COUP CIA PUSHED ARMAS TO WRITE LAWS THAT =
ESTABLISHED
DEATH PENALTY FOR A CRIMES THAT INCLUDED MANY LABOR UNION ACTIVITIES.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 221
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA GOAL IN OVERTHROWING ARBENZ GVT WAS IN PART TO =
DESTROY
RAILROAD WORKERS UNION. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). =
BITTER FRUIT
121
GUATEMALA, 55-63 CIA OPS DIRECTED PRIMARILY AGAINST COMM UNION =
FASQUA
AND CATHOLIC UNION FECETRAG. COUNTERSPY WINTER 75 45
GUATEMALA, 64-66 CIA EMPHASIS ON AIFLD AND ITS WORK. ATTEMPT AT =
UNIFYING
LABOR FEDERATIONS FIRST IN CONSIQUA AND THEN IN CONTRAGUA. KEY GOAL
PREVENTION COMMUNIST AND CATHOLIC INFILTRATION. COUNTERSPY WINTER 75 =
45
=20
=20
GUATEMALA, SINCE 54 COUP "AIFLD HAS BEEN MORE CONCERNED ABOUT =
CONTAINING
LEFTIST ORGANIZING THAN ABOUT SPEAKING OUT AGAINST HUMAN RIGHTS =
VIOLATIONS
OR IN FAVOR OF LABOR UNION RIGHTS." AS RESULT AIFLD HAS FAILED TO GAIN
ALLEGIANCE OF WORKFORCE. BARRY, T., & PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD IN =
CENTRAL
AMERICA 19
GUATEMALA, 54 AFL UNDER CIA-INVOLVED NATIONAL UNION OF FREE WORKERS =
OF
GUATEMALA (UNTL). SERAFINO ROMUALDI, A CIA AGENT WHO ALSO WORKED FOR =
NELSON
ROCKEFELLER PLACED UNTL LEADERS UNDER CIA'S ARMY OF ARMAS. AFL =
MAGAZINE
"THE AMERICAN FEDERATIONIST" PUBLISHED ANTI-ARBENZ ARTICLES. =
COUNTERSPY
4/81 12
=20
LIAISON
ISRAEL, CENTRAL AMERICA, 73-88 OVER LAST 15 YEARS, ISRAEL HAS BECOME
FULL-FLEDGED COVERT PARTNER OF U.S. IN PROMOTING COUNTERREVOLUTION IN =
THE
THIRD WORLD. WHEN PUBLIC OPINION WONT SUPPORT DIRECT U.S.INTERVENTION,
ISRAELI INTEL AGENTS, MILITARY OFFICERS AND ARMS DEALERS AND HAVE =
SUPPLIED
TRAINING AND WEAPONS TO CHILE, EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA, HAITI, SOUTH =
AFRICA,
AND NICARAGUAN CONTRAS. TOP SECRET 0-88 25
0MEDIA
GUATEMALA, 51-54 BERNAYS OF UNITED FRUIT DEVELOPED STRATEGY RE =
GUATEMALA
TO SELECT MOST INFLUENTIAL MEMBERS MEDIA, THE TIMES, SEVERAL OTHER =
PAPERS,
TWO OR THREE MAJOR NEWS MAGAZINES, WIRE SERVICES AND ELECTRONIC =
NETWORKS -
FOLLOWED BY A HIGH - LEVEL SATURATION CAMPAIGN TO EXPOSE MEDIA'S =
REPORTERS
TO COMPANY'S VERSION OF FACTS. CAMPAIGN INCLUDED GUIDED TOURS WITH UP =
TO 10
NEWSMEN PER JUNKET AT COMPANY EXPENSE. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN
COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 47
GUATEMALA, 51-54 BERNAYS WITH UNITED FRUIT BROUGHT GUATEMALA TO =
ATTENTION
OF NEW YORK TIMES PUBLISHER SULZBURGER WHO MADE AN INSPECTION TRIP TO
COUNTRY - WHILE ON TRIP A "COMMUNIST RIOT" TOOK PLACE. A PR COUP FOR
BERNAYS. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED
FRUIT 46
GUATEMALA, 53-54 IN 53 USIS PRESENTED A DOCUMENT TO THE OPS =
COORDINATING
BOARD THAT SAYS USIA HELPED WITH THE PREPARATION AND PLACEMENT OF
UNATTRIBUTED ARTICLES LABELING GUATEMALAN GVT FIGURES AS COMMUNISTS. =
THESE
WERE PLANTED IN A CHILEAN NEWSPAPER AND LATER REPRINTED IN SELECTED =
OTHER
COUNTRIES WITH CHILEAN ATTRIBUTION. WORKED IN COORDINATION WITH DOS =
AND
CIA. THE NATION 10/28/78 P440
GUATEMALA, 53-60 UNITED FRUIT ARRANGED FOR TOURS FOR PRESS WITHIN =
HOURS
OF EXPROPRIATION OF UF LAND. TOURS INCLUDED REPS OF TIME-LIFE, SEVERAL
LARGE DAILIES, NEWSWEEK AND THE WIRE SERVICES. AN AVALANCHE OF =
PUBLICITY
FAVORING UF FOLLOWED AFTER TRIP. UF DISTRIBUTED A CONFIDENTIAL =
GUATEMALAN
NEWSLETTER EACH WEEK TO A LIST OF 250 AMERICAN JOURNALISTS. NEWSLETTER
LATER BROADENED TO INCLUDE HONDURAS, COSTA RICA, AND PANAMA WHICH =
MEANT
THAT FROM 53-60 A GREAT DEAL OF NEWS OF CENTRAL AMERICA IN NORTH =
AMERICAN
PRESS WAS SUPPLIED, EDITED AND SOMETIMES MADE BY UF'S PR DEPT. MCANN, =
T.
(1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 59
=20
GUATEMALA, 54 TO SILENCE SYDNEY GRUSON, AN EXPERIENCED NY TIMES
REPORTER, ALLEN DULLES CONTACTED GENERAL JULIUS ADLER, BUSINESS =
MANAGER OF
THE TIMES. TOLD HIM GRUSON AND WIFE, FLORA LEWIS, WERE UNRELIABLE. =
ARTHUR
HAYS SULZBERGER, PUBLISHER, TOLD GRUSON TO STAY PUT IN MEXICO CITY =
(DURING
CIA COUP). SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 155
GUATEMALA, 54 THE NEW YORK TIMES AND LIFE USED INFORMATION FROM THE
CIA-BACKED STATION "VOICE OF LIBERATION," AS AUTHENTIC. PHILLIPS, D.A.
(1977). THE NIGHT WATCH 46
GUATEMALA, 54 WITH DECISION TO OVERTHROW GVT THE DOS SOLICITED =
NEWSMEN TO
WRITE ABOUT EVENTS. ONE DOS MEMO SAID ITS OFFICERS SHOULD VISIT AN =
EDITOR
OF FORTUNE, CHARLES MURPHY, PRESUMABLY TO LEAK HIM "FAVORABLE =
STORIES," AND
ANOTHER SAID THE SIMILAR IDEA RE DREW PEARSON. THE NATION 10/28/78 =
P442
MEXICO, 70-85 AN OUTSPOKEN CRITIC OF READER'S DIGEST'S COZY =
RELATIONSHIP
WITH CIA WAS MANUEL BUENDIA IN HIS COLUMN IN EXCELSIOR, MEXICO CITY'S
LEADING NEWSPAPER AND SYNDICATED IN TWO HUNDRED OTHER PAPERS. HE ALSO =
WROTE
BOOK, "LA CIA EN MEXICO," PUBLISHED IN 83. HE WROTE ABOUT RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN RD'S LATIN AMERICAN PUBLICATION, SELECCIONES, AND AN AMERICAN
WRITER WHO "IN THE LAST 20 YEARS, DANIEL JAMES HAS WRITTEN ONLY WHAT =
HE HAS
BEEN ORDERED TO BY CIA." JAMES LIVED IN MEXICO FROM 56-78 AND RECEIVED
DEGREES FROM PACIFIC WESTERN UNIVERSITY BASED ON BOOKS HE WROTE, =
INCLUDING
THE 1954 "RED DESIGN FOR AMERICA: GUATEMALAN PRELUDE." JAMES ALSO HELD
MOSTLY HONORARY POSITION OF MANAGING EDITOR OF THE "NEW LEADER," A =
COLD WAR
LIBERAL PUBLICATION WITH TIES TO CIA. BUENDIA IDENTIFIED ANTONIO =
RODRIGUEZ
VILLAR, DIRECTOR OF "SELECCIONES" IN MEXICO CITY AS A CIA AGENT. A =
CHARTER
MEMBER OF HARRY MORGAN'S WORLD PRESS INSTITUTE, VILLAR ALSO SERVED AS =
PRESS
SPOKESMAN FOR ARGENTINE FEDERAL POLICE DURING JUNTA'S DIRTY WAR WHEN =
20,000
PEOPLE ALLEGEDLY DISAPPEARED. BUENDIA CLAIMED CIA, "A LONGTIME FRIEND =
OF
SELLECCIONES, [HAD] TAKEN OVER ITS LATIN AMERICAN EDITIONS, THROUGH
INDIVIDUALS SUCH AS VILLAR." ON 5/30/84, BUENDIA WAS SHOT FOUR TIMES =
IN THE
BACK. MEXICO'S FEDERAL POLICE DESTROYED MOST OF HIS FILES. JAMES LATER
TURNED UP IN A THINK-TANK CALLED MEXICO-UNITED STATES INSTITUTE.
"EXCELSOIR" CHARGED JAMES WAS A CIA AGENT DURING HIS YEARS IN MEXICO =
AND
MUSI PART OF A CONSPIRACY TO DESTABILIZE THE INSTITUTIONAL =
REVOLUTIONARY
PARTY (IRP) MEXICO'S RULING PARTY. JAMES ADMITTED TO NEW YORK TIMES IN =
77
THAT HE HAD TIES TO CIA. HIS BACHELOR DEGREE AND HIS DOCTORATE IN =
LATIN
AMERICAN STUDIES WERE OBTAINED BY MAIL ORDER AND MUSI WAS FUNDED BY =
WEALTHY
TEXAN CONSERVATIVES. MUSI SUSPECTED TO BE A FRONT FOR CIA. JAMES NOW
STRENUOUSLY DENIED ANY CIA CONNECTION. HEIDENRY, J. (1993). THEIRS WAS =
THE
KINGDOM 594-7
THE CHIEF PR OFFICER OF UNITED FRUIT COMPANY SAID "A GREAT DEAL OF THE =
NEWS
WHICH APPEARED IN THE NORTH AMERICAN PRESS WAS SUPPLIED, EDITED AND
SOMETIMES MADE UP BY UNITED FRUIT'S PUBLIC RELATIONS DEPT." DURING THE
PERIOD WHEN BOTH "COMPANIES" (UF AND THE CIA) WERE LAYING THE =
GROUNDWORK
FOR THE OVERTHROW OF THE GUATEMALAN DEMOCRACY. Z MAGAZINE 11/88 14
MERCENARIES
GUATEMALA, 53-54 RECRUITS FOR THE CIA "LIBERATION ARMY" WERE =
GUATEMALAN
EXILES AND MERCENARIES RECRUITED OPENLY IN HONDURAS AND NICARAGUA AND =
PAID
$300.00 A MONTH. TRAINING FOR THE INVASION OF GUATEMALA TOOK PLACE IN
NICARAGUA AND LATER IN HONDURAS. JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). =
(1974).
GUATEMALA 69
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA RECRUITED MERCENARIES THRUOUT CENTRAL AMER FOR
OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S SPIES 226
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA TRAINING AMERICANS AND ASSORTED LATIN AMERICANS =
FOR OP
IN GUATEMALA. PRADOS, J. (1986). PRESIDENTS' SECRET WARS 102
MILITARY
=20
GUATEMALA, 50-72 IN OCT 66 ARANA (WITH INCREASING AMOUNTS OF U.S.
MILITARY AND POLICE AID TO GUATEMALA) WAS USING QUASI-MILITARY =
TERRORIST
UNITS IN GUERRILLA ZONES. IN COORDINATION WITH ARMY AND POLICE INTEL
APPARATUS, PM GROUPS WERE USED TO ROOT OUT GUERRILLA SYMPATHIZERS. GUA =
196.
A KEY FUNCTION OF U.S. ADVISERS WAS THE SELECTION OF PROMISING =
GUATEMALAN
OFFICER FOR U.S.-SPONSORED TRAINING AND FOR THEIR POSITIONING IN KEY =
POSTS
WITHIN THE ARMY. JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974). GUATEMALA =
197
GUATEMALA, 54-74 IN THE 20 YEARS AFTER THE 54 COUP, THE US PAID OUT =
$50
MILLION TO TRAIN THE MOST EFFICIENT MILITARY MACHINE IN C.A. AND FROM =
THE
LATE 60S, THIS MACHINE REPRESSED ALL OPPOSITION WITH SAVAGERY. WALL =
STREET
JOURNAL 2/24/83
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA LAUNCHED CLANDESTINE RADIO CAMPAIGN 7 WEEKS =
BEFORE
INVASION. TRAINED 3 GUATEMALANS AT OPA-LOCKA IN CLASSIC =
DISINFORMATION.
STATION CALLED VOICE OF LIBERATION. THEME OF BROADCASTS WAS ARBENZ =
SECRETLY
PLANNING TO DISBAND ARMED FORCES AND REPLACE THEM WITH PEOPLES =
MILITIA. CIA
LEAFLETS CARRIED SAME MESSAGE. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. =
(1983). BITTER
FRUIT 168
GUATEMALA, 54 JUNE LIGHT BOMBING, WITH JAMMING OF LOCAL RADIO =
STATIONS
AMID MISLEADING INSTRUCTIONS BROADCAST FROM OUTSIDE COUNTRY PROVOKED =
REVOLT
BY GUATEMALAN ARMY LEADERS. OFFICER CORPS PARTICULARLY FEARED A VAIN
ATTEMPT BY ARBENZ TO ARM THE LEFTIST POPULAR MILITIA. HIGGINS, T. =
(1987).
THE PERFECT FAILURE 34
GUATEMALA, 54-77 FROM 54 TO THE CARTER ADM THE U.S. WOULD TRAIN, =
FINANCE
AND OVERHAUL THE GUATEMALAN ARMY AND SECURITY FORCES. FROM 50-57 17.8
MILLION FOR FOREIGN MILITARY SALES (FMS), 16.1 MILLION FOR MILITARY
ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS (MAP) AND 6.5. MILLION FOR INTERNATIONAL MILITARY
EDUCATION AND TRAINING (IMET). UNDER IMET 3,073 CADETS PASSED THRU =
U.S.
TRAINING. AN ADD 4.4 MILLION IN POLICE TRAINING AND SUPPLIES UNDER =
OFFICE
OF PUBLIC SAFETY PROGRAM. OVER ALL U.S. SPENT 45 MILLION ON MILITARY
MACHINE. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P7
GUATEMALA, 54 IN OVERTHROW EISENHOWER ENLISTED ALL AMBASSADORS IN =
THE
AREA, GAVE A ROLE TO USIS, AS WELL AS THE US ARMY AND NAVY AND THE =
CIA. HE
ASKED EVERY DICTATOR IN THE AREA; I.E., TRUJILLO, BATISTA, SOMOZA, =
JIMENEZ,
AND OTHERS IN HONDURAS AND EL SALVADOR TO JOIN A REGION-WIDE SEIGE. =
THE
NATION 10/28/78 P44O
NSC
OP
=20
GUATEMALA, 54 OP FORTUNE PLAN TO SMUGGLE ARMS TO ARBENZ OPPONENTS =
ON
UNITED FRUIT BOATS. PLAN CANCELLED BY STATE DEPT. SCHLESINGER, S., =
& =20
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 92, 102
=20
GUATEMALA, 54 OP SUCCESS. AG 267 KEY TO SUCCESS WAS PSYCHOLOGICAL =
AND
PROPAGANDA ONSLAUGHT. RANELAGH, J. (1986). THE AGENCY 267
GUATEMALA, 54 OP HARD ROCK WAS LAUNCHED IN MAY 54 IN SUPPORT OF OP
SUCCESS. EISENHOWER ORDERED U.S. NAVY TO SEARCH ALL SHIPS, INCLUDING
EUROPEAN, FOR ARMS BOUND FOR GUATEMALA. WHILE NO ARMS WERE FOUND, U.S. =
NAVY
VESSELS PATROLLING GULF OF HONDURAS HAD PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT ON =
GUATEMALAN
MILITARY. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 312,313
ORGANIZATIONS
ORG, OPS
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA TASK-FORCE ESTABLISHED TO OVERTURN ARBENZ GVT.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 110
OVERTHROW
53-61 DULLES'S MARK AS DCI CAN BE SEEN IN NUMBER OF OPS, BOTH =
SUCCESSFUL
- IRAN 53; COSTA RICA, 53; GUATEMALA, 54 - AND UNSUCCESSFUL - =
INDONESIA 58;
TIBET 58; CUBA 60-61. EACH OP FOLLOWED FAMILIAR PATTERN - REMOVAL OR
ATTEMPTED REMOVAL OF A GVT DEEMED INIMICAL TO U.S. INTERESTS AND ITS
REPLACEMENT BY ONE THAT MORE FRIENDLY. LOWENTHAL, M. (1992). THE =
WASHINGTON
PAPERS. U.S.INTELLIGENCE EVOLUTION AND ANATOMY 26
GUATEMALA, 51-52 OPERATION FORTUNE AUTHORIZED BY TRUMAN, A SCHEME TO =
SEND
WEAPONRY IN A UNITED FRUIT SHIP TO ANASTASIO SOMOZA OF NICARAGUA TO =
USE IN
GUATEMALA. OP CANCELLED BY INTERVENTION DAVID BRUCE OF STATE DEPT. IN =
52=20
OPC APPROACHED OFFICERS IN GUATEMALAN ARMY AND SMUGGLED IN SMALL ARMS =
PLUS
$64,000 FROM UNITED FRUIT. ON 3/23/93, 200 MEN ATTACKED SALAMA AND =
HELD IT
BRIEFLY BEFORE DEFEATED BY ARMY. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS 339
GUATEMALA, 52 OPERATION FORTUNE WAS LAUNCHED IN FALL OF 1952 WITH
INTENTION OF ARMING CASTILLO ARMAS WHO WAS IN HONDURAS. NICARAGUA'S =
SOMOZA
HAD CONVINCED TRUMAN'S MILITARY AIDE, COL MARA, THAT ARMA COULD =
OVERTHROW
ARBENZ. THIS DESPITE CIA REPORTS IN JUNE INDICATING SKEPTICISM OF =
ARMAS'
CLAIMS. CIA NOTED ARMY DEFECTION WOULD BE CRUCIAL FOR OPERATION =
SUCCESS AND
THERE WAS NO INDICATION THAT ARMY WOULD DEFECT. YET CIA DIRECTOR =
WALTER
SMITH ORDERED DIRECTORATE OF OPERATIONS TO PROCEED WITH PLAN. =
OPERATION WAS
HALTED WHEN SEC. ACHESON LEARNED OF PLAN. UNITED FRUIT FREIGHTER =
CARRYING
ARMS WAS DIVERTED TO PANAMA WHERE ARMS WERE UNLOADED. GLIEJESES, P. =
(1991).
SHATTERED HOPE 229-231
GUATEMALA, 54 FOR THE OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ CASTILLO ARMAS WOULD HAVE =
B-26
BOMBERS AND CARGO AND FIGHTER PLANES, A FEW TO BE FLOWN BY =
GUATEMALANS, BUT
MOST BY FOREIGN MERCENARIES. THERE WOULD BE A STAGING AREA FROM A
NEIGHBORING COUNTRY, A REBEL CLANDESTINE RADIO STATION, WHICH WOULD =
PRETEND
TO BROADCAST FROM WITHIN GUATEMALA AND A TEAM OF RADIO TECHNICIANS, =
WRITERS
AND ANNOUNCERS. PHILLIPS, D.A. (1977). THE NIGHT WATCH 36
GUATEMALA, 54 KEY EVENT IN PRES. ARBENZ'S DECISION TO RESIGN =
OCCURRED AT
ZACAPA ON 25 JUN 54 WHEN ARMY REFUSED TO CRUSH ARMAS' REBELS. WHILE =
ARMY
COULD HAVE EASILY DEFEATED THEM, OFFICERS SAID THEY FEARED U.S. =
MILITARY
ACTION AGAINST THEM IF ARMAS SHOULD FAIL. ARBENZ ALSO FEARED U.S.
INTERVENTION CHOOSING NOT TO STOP ARMAS AT BORDER FOR FEAR OF CREATING
BORDER INCIDENT WITH HONDURAS. ARMAS' FORCES, INCLUDING CIA AIR FORCE =
AND
RADIO PROPAGANDA, WERE LARGELY INEFFECTIVE - BOTH MILITARILY AND
PSYCHOLOGICALLY - AGAINST GUATEMALAN ARMY. IT WAS WELL AWARE OF HOW =
SMALL
ARMAS' FORCES WERE. WHAT OFFICERS FEARED MOST WAS U.S. RETALIATION =
SHOULD
ARMAS BE DEFEATED. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 324,338-341
GUATEMALA, 54 ON D-DAY, THE 18TH OF JUNE 54 VOL ANNOUNCED THAT COL.
CASTILLO ARMAS AND HIS TROOPS HAD INVADED. SEVERAL TRUCKS HAD CROSSED
BORDER WITHOUT OPPOSITION. THE VOL REFERRED TO AN ARMY OF 5,000. B-26
BOMBERS AND WWII FIGHTERS BEGAN FLYING NOISY MISSIONS. THEY MADE =
LOW-LEVEL
STRAFFING RUNS. ONE BLEW UP AN OIL TANK THAT BURNING COULD BE SEEN FOR
MILES. USED VOL TO SNUGGLE UP TO GENUINE STATION. ON 25TH JUNE A BOMB
DROPPED ON GUATEMALA CITY. PHILLIPS, D.A. (1977). THE NIGHT WATCH 45-8
GUATEMALA, 54 STORY OF THE OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ. TULLY, A. (1962). =
CIA:
THE INSIDE STORY 54-60
=20
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA LAUNCHED CLANDESTINE RADIO CAMPAIGN 7 WEEKS =
BEFORE
INVASION. TRAINED 3 GUATEMALANS AT OPA-LOCKA IN CLASSIC =
DISINFORMATION.
STATION CALLED VOICE OF LIBERATION. THEME OF BROADCASTS WAS ARBENZ =
SECRETLY
PLANNING TO DISBAND ARMED FORCES AND REPLACE THEM WITH PEOPLES =
MILITIA. CIA
LEAFLETS CARRIED SAME MESSAGE. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. =
(1983). BITTER
FRUIT 168
GUATEMALA, 54 OP NAMED "FORTUNE". CIA USED SHIPS OF UNITED FRUIT TO
CARRY ARMS TO EXILES IN NICARAGUA. RANELAGH, J. (1986). THE AGENCY =
264-268
GUATEMALA, 54 OVERTURN ARBENZ GVT SUSTAINED BY A RADIO BARRAGE FROM
NEARBY CIA STATIONS, ESPECIALLY ON SWAN ISLAND. ALLEN DULLES NOTED =
"ENTIRE
EFFORT DEPENDENT ON PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT RATHER THAN ACTUAL MILITARY
STRENGTH...USE OF SMALL NUMBER AIRPLANES AND RADIO DESIGNED GIVE =
IMPRESSION
OF ARMAS' STRENGTH AS WELL AS REGIME'S WEAKNESS." HIGGINS, T. (1987). =
THE
PERFECT FAILURE 30-1
GUATEMALA, 54 PLAN ONE PART MILITARY ACTION AND NINE PARTS =
PROPAGANDA
AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE. POWERS, T. (1979). THE MAN WHO KEPT THE =
SECRETS
86-8
=20
GUATEMALA, 54 CARDINAL SPELLMAN ARRANGED CIA CONTACT BETWEEN A =
SENIOR
CHURCHMAN SO THE CIA COULD COORDINATE HIS EFFORTS WITH THE OVERTHROW =
OP.
ANTI-ARBENZ AND ANTI-COMMUNIST PASTORAL LETTERS WERE GIVEN WIDE
DISTRIBUTION IN L.A. PRESS. AND THOUSANDS OF LEAFLETS CARRYING THE =
PASTORAL
LETTERS WERE AIR-DROPPED INTO REMOTE AREAS. HUNT, H.J. (1974). =
UNDERCOVER
99
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA INSTALLED IN EMBASSY SECRET COMMO EQUIPMENT WHICH
TURNED INTO RADIO STATION AND A JAMMING DEVICE TO OBSTRUCT RADIO =
BROADCASTS
AND AN AMPLIFIER TO SCARE WITH BOMBING SOUNDS. IN ADD. CASH USED TO
ENCOURAGE MILITARY DEFECTIONS, LEAKS OF INFO AND GVT INTRIGUES.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 139
=20
GUATEMALA, 54 IN 51 ARBENZ ELECTED. 2% PEOPLE OWNED 70% OF LAND. =
UNITED
FRUIT EXPLOITED WORKFORCE. IN 3/53 CIA BACKED RIGHT WINGERS WITH MONEY =
AND
ARMS, BUT UPRISING FAILED. 5/54 CIA USED CZECH SHIPMENT OF ARMS AS =
PRETEXT.
PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN MOUNTED IN LATIN AMERICAN PRESS THAT ARBENZ A
COMMUNIST. BLEDOWSKA, C., & BLOCH, J. (1987). KGB/CIA 56-7
GUATEMALA, 54 THE FIELD HQS FOR THE GUATEMALAN OP WAS A TWO-STORY
BARRACKS AT THE MARINE AIR BASE AT OPA LOCKA, FLORIDA. HUNT, H.J. =
(1974).
UNDERCOVER 98
GUATEMALA, 54 THE OVERTHROW OF THE GVT EMPLOYED PROPAGANDA AND THE
PRE-RECORDING OF TERROR BROADCASTS FOR D-DAY USE OVER THE GUATEMALAN
NATIONAL RADIO FREQUENCY. CIA HAD A CADRE OF GUATEMALAN NEWSPAPERMEN =
WHO
WERE TURNED INTO PROPAGANDISTS. THEY PREPARED NEWSPAPER ARTICLES, =
PAMPHLETS
AND LEAFLETS. HUNT, H.J. (1974). UNDERCOVER 98
GUATEMALA, IRAN, 53-54 FROM OPA-LOCKA FLORIDA CIA RUNNING AIRLIFTS =
TO
HONDURAS WHERE CASTILLO ARMAS SMALL BAND, NEVER MORE THAN 140 MEN, =
WERE
BEING TRAINED. IN ONE RESPECT CIA PLANNED TO DUPLICATE THE TECHNIQUE =
USED
IN IRAN: PSYCHOLOGICALLY PREPARING THE MINDS OF THE TARGET GVT AND =
PEOPLE,
THEN A SUDDEN SHOW OF APPARENTLY MASSIVE FORCE. A CIA STAFF OFFICER,
DOCUMENTED AND DISGUISED AS A EUROPEAN BUSINESSMAN ACHIEVED THE =
DEFECTION
OF A SENIOR OFFICER ON ARBENZ'S STAFF. THRU HIM HAD UP-TO-MINUTE =
INTEL.
AFTER WARNING THE PEOPLE, FIGHTER AIRCRAFT MADE LOW LEVEL STRAFFING =
RUNS ON
GUATEMALA CITY AND DROPPED RELATIVELY HARMLESS SMOKE BOMBS. FROM =
HONDURAS A
POWERFUL TRANSMITTER OVERRODE THE NATIONAL RADIO, BROADCASTING =
MESSAGES TO
CONFUSE AND DIVIDE THE POPULATION. HUNT, H.J. (1974). UNDERCOVER =
99-100
LATIN AMERICA. IN POST WWII ERA U.S. HAS OVERTHROWN MOST REFORMIST AND
REVOLUTIONARY GVTS IN L.A. U.S. MILITARY AND CIA ROLES TOOK VARIED =
FORMS
GUATEMALA (PROXY ARMY), BRAZIL (MILITARY COUP), DOMINICAN REPUBLIC =
(COMBAT
TROOPS), BOLIVIA (SPECIAL FORCES AND CIA) CHILE (MILITARY COUP), =
JAMAICA
(TERRORISM, ELECTORAL COUP). Z 3/89 P48
=20
PARAMILITARY
GUATEMALA, 53 WORKING WITH UNITED FRUIT CIA-ARMED RIGHT-WING =
OFFICERS OF
GUATEMALAN ARMY. 200 RAIDERS SEIZED SALAMA AND HELD IT FOR 17 HOURS. =
GVT
KILLED FOUR. REBELS QUICKLY REVEALED AS UNITED FRUIT PLOT, THOUGH NOT
CIA'S. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 103
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA FUNDED 20 MILLION TO OVERTHROW GVT. ORG. =
GUERRILLA
ARMY, SECRET AIR FORCE, SECRET RADIO STATIONS, ETC. RANELAGH, J. =
(1986).
THE AGENCY 266
GUATEMALA, 68 ADVISORS SENT TO GUATEMALA TO WORK WITH MILITARY AND
PARAMILITARY FORCES TO DESIGN BLOODY, EFFECTIVE REPRESSION OF =
INSURGENCY.
DICKEY, C. (1985). WITH THE CONTRAS 85
</PRE><PRE>PERSONNEL
BACKGROUND ON INCOMING DCI, R. JAMES WOOLSEY. HE ANOTHER SIGN THAT =
INSIDERS
STILL RULE AND THAT CONSERVATIVE DEMOCRATS ARE WELCOME IN CLINTON ADM. =
HE
WENT TO LAW SCHOOL AT YALE AND WORKED BRIEFLY AT WARREN CHRISTOPHER'S =
LAW
FIRM, SERVED AS PENTAGON ANALYST IN 60s, AND A MEMBER OF NSC UNDER
KISSINGER - LATER WAS COUNSEL FOR SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE. IN
CARTER ADM, HE UNDERSECRETARY OF NAVY. HE ON PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSIONS =
- ONE
THAT SUPPORTED PRODUCTION OF MX MISSILE. HE IN OP-ED PIECES OFTEN =
SHARED A
BYLINE WITH BRENT SCOWCROFT. HE WITH OTHERS TRIED TO MOVE DEMOCRATIC =
PARTY
TO RIGHT - ONE SUCH OTHER WAS DAVID MCCURDY, CURRENT CHAIRMAN OF THE =
HOUSE
INTEL COMMITTEE. HE PARTICIPATED IN SECRET WAR GAMES STAGED BY CENTER =
FOR
STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES. HE ALSO A PARTNER AT SHEA AND =
GARDNER,
AN INFLUENTIAL LAW FIRM. HE WAS REGISTERED AS A FOREIGN AGENT FOR, =
INTER
ALIA, BOLIVIA, ECUADOR, GUATEMALA, PARAGUAY AND VENEZUELA. AS A LAWYER =
HE
REPRESENTED CHARLES ALLEN AND MICHAEL LEDEEN [OF CONTRAGATE FAME]. =
WOOLSEY
IS THE WRONG MAN TO REFORM THE CIA. THE NATION 1/18/93 39-40
BIO OF EVERETT HOWARD HUNT. IN 50 OPENED STATION IN MEXICO. OP TO =
EMBARRASS
USSR BY PACKING BANQUET IN HONOR OF SOVIETS. BECAME CHIEF BALKAN OPS -
ALBANIA, YUGOSLAVIA, GREECE, BULGARIA AND ROMANIA. ALL OPS CARRIED OUT =
FROM
GREECE'S BORDER. HE ASSIGNED BACK TO WESTERN HEMISPHERE DIV AS CHIEF =
OF
PROPAGANDA AND POLITICAL ACTION. FOR OVERTHROW OF GUATEMALA'S =
GOVERNMETNT.
HE LATER HUNT REASSIGNED TO TO JAPAN AS CHIEF OF COVERT OPS FOR NORTH =
ASIA
COMMAND UNDER GENERAL MATHEW RIDGEWAY'S FAR EAST COMMAND. IN 56 HE =
NAMED
COS MONTEVIDEO, URUGUAY. IN BAY OF PIGS OP AGAINST CUBA HUNT KNOWN AS
"EDUARDO." HE THEN GIVEN MINOR POLITICAL ASSIGNMENT MADRID, SPAIN. HE =
GIVEN
EARLY RETIREMENT IN 70. HE INVOLVED IN WATERGATE. PEN NAMES WERE =
ROBERT
DIETRICH, JOHN BAXTER, GORDON DAVIS, AND DAVID ST JOHN. MINNICK, W. =
(1992).
SPIES AND PROVACATEURS 105
GUATEMALA. PHILIP ROETTINGER, A CIA AGENT WHO HELPED OVERTHROW THE =
ARBENZ
GVT IN 54 DECRIES THE ACTS OF THE CIA IN THAT OVERTHROW. THE =
PROGRESSIVE
7/86 P50
POLICE
BOLIVIA. OPS AND AID SENT TRAINEES TO INTERNATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY =
D.C.
INSTRUCTORS OFTEN CIA OFFICERS UNDER COVER. BY 70 30,000 GUATEMALAN
POLICE RCVD CIA/OPS TRAINING. BLUM, W. (1986). THE CIA A FORGOTTEN =
HISTORY
267
CENTRAL AMERICA, FUNDING 85 SENATE FOREIGN RELATIONS CMTTEE APPROVED =
22
MILLION AID PROGRAM FOR POLICE FORCES IN 4 CENTRAL AMERICAN NATIONS.
PROGRAM WOULD PROVIDE $21 MILLION IN EQUIPMENT AND TRG IN =
COUNTERTERRORISM
TECHNIQUES TO EL SALVADOR, HONDURAS, COSTA RICA AND GUATEMALA. 1 =
MILLION
FOR A REGIONAL WITNESS PROTECTION FUND. FUNDING BASED ON PRESIDENTIAL
FINDING RE HUMAN RIGHTS. WASHINGTON POST 12/6/85 A 35
GUATEMALA, 50-72 IN OCT 66 ARANA (WITH INCREASING AMOUNTS OF U.S.
MILITARY AND POLICE AID TO GUATEMALA) WAS USING QUASI-MILITARY =
TERRORIST
UNITS IN GUERRILLA ZONES. IN COORDINATION WITH ARMY AND POLICE INTEL
APPARATUS, PM GROUPS WERE USED TO ROOT OUT GUERRILLA SYMPATHIZERS. =
JONES,
S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974). GUATEMALA 196
GUATEMALA, 63 U.S.HELPED INCREASE SIZE OF NATIONAL POLICE FROM =
3,000 TO
11,000 MEN. BY 1970 OVER 30,000 GUATEMALAN POLICE BENEFITTED FROM OPS =
TRG.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 247, 251
GUATEMALA. CIA DIRECTED TRAINING IN U.S. OF GUATEMALAN POLICE THRU =
OFFICE
OF PUBLIC SAFETY PROGRAMS. TRAINING INCLUDED INSTRUCTION IN POLICE =
INTEL,
CI INTEL, PLANNING FOR RIOT CONTROL, TARGETS OF INSURGENCY, CHEMICAL
MUNITIONS, EXPLOSIVES AND DEMOLITIONS, PLANNING FOR RIOT CONTROL, AND =
MOB
PSYCHOLOGY. COUNTERSPY 1/81 54
GUATEMALA, 54-77 FROM 54 TO THE CARTER ADM THE US WOULD TRAIN, =
FINANCE
AND OVERHAUL THE GUATEMALAN ARMY AND SECURITY FORCES. FROM 50-57 17.8
MILLION FOR FOREIGN MILITARY SALES (FMS), 16.1 MILLION FOR MILITARY
ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS (MAP) AND 6.5. MILLION FOR INTERNATIONAL MILITARY
EDUCATION AND TRAINING (IMET). UNDER IMET 3,073 CADETS PASSED THRU =
U.S.
TRAINING. AN ADD 4.4 MILLION IN POLICE TRAINING AND SUPPLIES UNDER =
OFFICE
OF PUBLIC SAFETY PROGRAM. OVER ALL U.S. SPENT 45 MILLION ON MILITARY
MACHINE. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P7
=20
THE CIA'S INTERNATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY (IPA) TRAINED POLICE FROM =
CHILE,
NICARAGUA, PANAMA, GUATEMALA, MEXICO, BRAZIL, THE PHILIPPINES, HONG =
KONG,
BELIZE (THEN BRITISH HONDURAS), KOREA, PARAGUAY, PERU, IRAN AND =
URUGUAY.
ATTENDEES OF "TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION COURSE" TRAINED IN D.C. AND TOOK
FIELDWORK AT THE BORDER PATROL ACADEMY IN LOS FRESNOS, TEXAS. IPA =
FOUNDED
BY A.I.D.. DAMAGING PUBLICITY FORCED THE ACADEMY TO CLOSE. IPA EARNED =
THE
REPUTATION OF THE "SCHOOL FOR TORTURERS." THE U.S. CONTINUED TO TRAIN
FOREIGN POLICE BY 68 FUNDING THE BRAZILIAN FEDERAL POLICE ACADEMY =
WHICH
TRAINED CHILE'S DINA AGENTS, WHO IN TURN INSTRUCTED ANTI-CASTRO CUBANS
LIVING IN COSTA RICA, GUATEMALA, AND NICARAGUA. OTHER SKILLS TAUGHT BY =
THE
CIA INCLUDE AGENT RECRUITMENT AND HANDLING, PHYSICAL AND ELECTRONIC
SURVEILLANCE, SURREPTITIOUS ENTRY, METHODS OF INFILTRATION, AND
ASSASSINATION AND TORTURE TECHNIQUES. HOUSE FOREIGN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE
REPORT 4/3/85 FN P137
POLICY
=20
GUATEMALA, 93 U.S. ROLE IN SERRANO OUSTER QUESTIONED. U.S. APPEARED
INSTRUMENTAL IN PROMPTING THE MILITARY TO OUST THE USURPING SERRANO -
WASHINGTON'S ACTIONS COUNTERPRODUCTIVE IN PROMOTING DEMOCRACY IN LONG =
RUN.
U.S. PRESSURE TENDED TO REINFORCE MILITARY AND BUSINESS-DOMINATED =
POLITICAL
SYSTEM. WASHINGTON POST 6/5/93 A18
</PRE><PRE>THE U.S. RESPONSE TO HUMANITARIAN CRISES - DURING WWII AND =
JEWISH
IMMIGRATION - BIAFRA - BANGLADESH - BURUNDI - CAMBODIA - INDONESIA -
GUATEMALA (54) - UGANDA - ETC. Z MAG 9/91 36-7
PROCEDURES
=20
PROPAGANDA
GUATEMALA, 53-54 IN 53 USIS PRESENTED A DOCUMENT TO THE OPS =
COORDINATING
BOARD THAT SAYS USIA HELPED WITH THE PREPARATION AND PLACEMENT OF
UNATTRIBUTED ARTICLES LABELING GUATEMALAN GVT FIGURES AS COMMUNISTS. =
THESE
WERE PLANTED IN A CHILEAN NEWSPAPER AND LATER REPRINTED IN SELECTED =
OTHER
COUNTRIES WITH CHILEAN ATTRIBUTION. WORKED IN COORDINATION WITH DOS =
AND
CIA. THE NATION 10/28/78 P440
GUATEMALA, 54 OVERTURN ARBENZ GVT SUSTAINED BY A RADIO BARRAGE FROM
NEARBY CIA STATIONS, ESPECIALLY ON SWAN ISLAND. ALLEN DULLES NOTED =
"ENTIRE
EFFORT DEPENDENT ON PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT RATHER THAN ACTUAL MILITARY
STRENGTH...USE OF SMALL NUMBER AIRPLANES AND RADIO DESIGNED GIVE =
IMPRESSION
OF ARMAS' STRENGTH AS WELL AS REGIME'S WEAKNESS." HIGGINS, T. (1987). =
THE
PERFECT FAILURE 30-1
GUATEMALA, 54 COMBINED EFFECT OF PROPAGANDA BROADCASTS FROM CIA
TRANSMITTERS IN HONDURAS - THE VOICE OF LIBERATION - EFFECTIVE. ARBENZ
GROUNDED AIR FORCE BECAUSE OF CIA-CAUSED DEFECTION OF AN AIR FORCE =
OFFICER.
6/18/54 ARMAS WITH A SMALL "ARMY OF LIBERATION" CROSSED IN FROM =
HONDURAS.
SAME DAY P-47S BOMBED SAN JOSE. INVASION MAGNIFIED BY VOICE OF =
LIBERATION
WITH FABRICATED TALES OF DEFEATS. LEAFLET RAIDS CARRIED OUT WITH =
BOMBING
ATTACKS. BLEDOWSKA, C., & BLOCH, J. (1987). KGB/CIA 56-8
GUATEMALA, 54 THE OVERTHROW OF THE GVT EMPLOYED PROPAGANDA AND THE
PRE-RECORDING OF TERROR BROADCASTS FOR D-DAY USE OVER THE GUATEMALAN
NATIONAL RADIO FREQUENCY. CIA HAD A CADRE OF GUATEMALAN NEWSPAPERMEN =
WHO
WERE TURNED INTO PROPAGANDISTS. THEY PREPARED NEWSPAPER ARTICLES, =
PAMPHLETS
AND LEAFLETS. HUNT, H.J. (1974). UNDERCOVER 98
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA RADIO STATION "VOICE OF LIBERATION," (VOL). ITS =
SLOGAN
WAS TRABAJO, PAN, Y PATRIA--WORK, BREAD, AND COUNTRY. THE VOL FOCUSED =
ON
THE MESSAGE BY DOS THAT ON 15 JUNE THE M/S ALFHEM WAS LOADED WITH =
CZECH
MILITARY EQUIPMENT. VOL STRESSED THAT ARBENZ PLANNED THE DESTRUCTION =
OF THE
MILITARY AND WAS DISTRIBUTE THE WEAPONS TO A COUNTRYSIDE MILITIA. =
MILITARY
TO BE REPLACED BY A CIVILIAN PROLETARIAT CONSTABULARY. THIS CAUSED
DISSENSION BETWEEN ARBENZ AND MILITARY COMMANDERS. PHILLIPS, D.A. =
(1977).
THE NIGHT WATCH 43
GUATEMALA, 54 IN LATE MAY 54, C-47 DROPPED LEAFLETS OVER GUATEMALA =
CITY
INFORMING RESIDENTS DAY OF LIBERATION WAS AT HAND. LEAFLETS WERE ALSO
PUSHED UNDER HOUSE DOORS TELLING PEOPLE TO MAKE LIST OF COMMUNISTS SO =
THEY
COULD BE BROUGHT TO JUSTICE. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 309
GUATEMALA, 54 USIA PLANTED HUNDREDS OF ARTICLES ABROAD, WITH =
THOUSANDS OF
ANTI-ARBENZ CARTOONS AND POSTERS, JOHN DOHERTY NAMED A NEW COS IN
GUATEMALA. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS 346
GUATEMALA, 54 VOL ANNOUNCED IN FINAL BIG LIE THAT 2 COLUMNS OF REBEL
SOLDIERS CONVERGING ON GUATEMALA CITY. SIMULATED MILITARY MESSAGES
BROADCAST. THIS ON 27 JUNE. ARBENZ RESIGNED THAT NIGHT. PHILLIPS, D.A.
(1977). THE NIGHT WATCH 48
GUATEMALA, 54 WHAT MADE A DIFFERENCE [IN OVERTHROWING ARBENZ GVT] =
WAS
CHAOS "VOICE OF LIBERATION" CREATED. IT SNUGGLED UP TO STANDARD =
FREQUENCIES
AND MOURNED TREMENDOUS TROOP LOSES, TO SUGGEST LAKES HAD BEEN =
POISONED, AND
ENTIRE DIVISIONS WERE DEFECTING. FAKED SIGNALS AMONG ADVANCING HORDES,
"SPOOFING" ESTABLISHED MILITARY SIGNALS, ETC. ALL COORDINATED WITH
AMPLIFIERS AND JAMMING DEVICES ON EMBASSY ROOF. TAPES OF AIR ASSAULTS
BOOMED ACROSS CAPITAL. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS 350
GUATEMALA, COORDINATION, 54 LAST PHASE USED UNITED STATES =
INFORMATION
AGENCY. USIA PLACED 200 ARTICLES IN LATIN PRESS. MIGHTY WURLITZER. =
PRADOS,
J. (1986). PRESIDENTS' SECRET WARS 104
PSYWAR
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA'S "VOICE OF LIBERATION" RADIO OPERATORS SNUGGLED =
UP TO
FREQUENCIES GUATEMALAN RADIO STATIONS AND "SPOOFED" MILITARY SIGNALS,
SKILLFULLY PAINTED A PICTURE OF WAR AND UPHEAVAL. FABRICATED REPORTS =
OF
LARGE TROOP MOVEMENTS, FEARSOME BATTLES, MAJOR GUATEMALAN DEFEATS AND
GROWING REBEL STRENGTH FRIGHTENING AN ALREADY CONFUSED AND =
DISHEARTENED
PEOPLE. DL 234 FROM SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER =
FRUIT
184-85
GUATEMALA, 54 PLAN ONE PART MILITARY ACTION AND NINE PARTS =
PROPAGANDA
AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE. POWERS, T. (1979). THE MAN WHO KEPT THE =
SECRETS
86-8
GUATEMALA 54 WELL-ORGANIZED RUMOR MILL USED IN OP SUCCESS. AMERICANS =
IN
CONTACT U.S. EMBASSY, AS WELL AS EMBASSY EMPLOYEES, BENIGNLY ASKED
GUATEMALAN FRIENDS IF IT TRUE THAT CRUISERS AND AIRCRAFT CARRIERS HAD
ANCHORED OFF COAST OR THAT PARATROOPERS HAD LANDED IN NORTH. RUMORS =
CAME
BACK WITHIN HOURS TO THE PEOPLE WHO HAD STARTED THEM, NEARLY ALWAYS
EXPANDED TO LUDICROUS PROPORTIONS. DL 236 FROM SCHLESINGER, S., & =
KINZER,
S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 192-93
PUBLICATION
=20
GUATEMALA, 54 UNITED FRUIT PUBLISHED NEWSPAPER "LATIN AMERICAN =
REPORT"
FOR JOURNALISTS, WRITTEN BY WILLIAM GAUDET WHO SAID TO BE CONNECTED TO =
BOTH
UNITED FRUIT AND CIA. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER =
FRUIT
82
GUATEMALA. VOICE OF LIBERATION GUATEMALA BROADCASTING FROM HONDURAS =
DURING
CIA-BACKED COUP. FREEMANTLE, B. (1983). CIA 169
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA'S DAVID PHILLIPS WAS BROUGHT IN FROM CHILE IN =
APRIL 54
TO HEAD REBEL RADIO STATION "LA VOZ DE LIBERACION." GLIEJESES, P. =
(1991).
SHATTERED HOPE 294
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA'S VOICE OF LIBERATION TRANSMITTERS FIRST IN =
NICARAGUA
AND THEN FROM HONDURAS AND DOMINICAN REPUBLIC KEPT UP A WAR OF NERVES.
STORIES THAT ARBENZ TO DISBAND MILITARY AND ARM ONLY PEASANTS AND =
PEOPLE'S
MILITIA, ETC. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS 348-9
LATIN AMERICA, 58-65 CIA GAVE COSTA RICA'S FIGUERES MONEY TO PUBLISH
JOURNAL "COMBATE," AND TO SPONSOR INSTITUTE OF POLITICAL EDUCATION IN =
C.R.
IN 11/59. INSTITUTE A TRAINING SCHOOL FOR POLITICAL PARTIES OF =
DEMOCRATIC
LEFT FROM C.R., CUBA (EXILE), DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (EXILE), GUATEMALA,
HONDURAS, NICARAGUA (EXILE), PANAMA, PERU AND VENEZUELA. CIA FUNDED =
THRU
SHELL FOUNDATION KAPLAN FUND NEXT TO INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL LABOR
RESEARCH (IILR) IN NEW YORK. SOCIALIST LEADER NORMAN THOMAS HEADED =
IILR WHO
CLAIMED HE IGNORANT OF CIA ROLE. FIGUERES CREATED INTER-AMERICAN =
SOCIAL
DEMOCRAT MOVEMENT (INADESMO) A FRONT TO DISPERSE FUNDS DIRECTLY. =
AMERINGER,
C.D. (1990). U.S. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE 256-7
RELIGION
CONVERGENCE OF VIEWS OF THE VATICAN AND THE U.S. CLOSE DURING 50-59 =
AND
NOWHERE MORE THAN IN LATIN AMERICA. POINT MAN FOR ENDEAVORS WAS =
CARDINAL
SPELLMAN WHO SERVED FOR 3 DECADES AS THE PRIMARY AMERICAN RESPONSIBLE =
FOR
LATIN AMERICA AS WELL AS THE INFORMAL ENVOY OF ROOSEVELT, TRUMAN AND
EISENHOWER. SPELLMAN PERSONALLY SELECTED BISHOPS FOR L.A. AND ORDERED =
THE
ARCHBISHOP OF BOGOTA, COLOMBIA, TO SUBMIT ALL STATEMENTS ABOUT THE =
U.S. TO
THE AMBASSADOR FOR APPROVAL. IN 54 SPELLMAN ACTED AS GO BETWEEN FOR =
THE
CIA AND GUATEMALAN BISHOP ROSSELL ARELLANO, WHOSE PASTORAL LETTER
CONDEMNING COMMUNISM WAS VITAL IN PREPARING FOR THE OVERTHROW OF =
ARBENZ'S
GVT. ROSSELL'S DEMAND FOR THE PEOPLE TO RISE AS A SINGLE MAN AGAINST =
THE
ENEMY OF GOD AND COUNTRY WAS READ IN EVERY CHURCH AND AIRDROPPED BY =
THE CIA
A FEW WEEKS BEFORE THE COUP. IN 62 A CIA REPORT CONCLUDED THE =
VATICAN WAS
BECOMING A LESS RELIABLE ALLY. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 10/85 =
P21
=20
GUATEMALA, 53-54 CATHOLIC OPS. CIA THRU FRANCIS CARDINAL SPELLMAN =
OF NEW
YORK CONTACTED ARCHBISHOP ARELLANO. ON 9 APRIL 54 A PASTORAL LETTER =
READ IN
ALL GUATEMALAN CHURCHES DEMANDED THAT THE "PEOPLE RISE AS A SINGLE MAN
AGAINST (COMMUNISM). CIA, HOWARD HUNT WROTE LATER, "AIR-DROPPED MANY
THOUSANDS OF LEAFLETS CARRYING THE PASTORAL LETTER INTO REMOTE AREAS =
OF
GUATEMALA." SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 155
GUATEMALA, 53-54 ARCHBISHOP ROSSELL Y ARELLANO SPEARHEADED EFFORT BY
CATHOLIC CHURCH TO DENOUNCE "ANTI-CHRISTIAN" GOV OF ARBENZ. =
INSTRUMENTAL IN
SPREADING NUMEROUS CIA INSPIRED RUMORS. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). =
SHATTERED
HOPE 287-288
GUATEMALA, 63-64 CIA ASKED CARDINAL SPELLMAN TO ARRANGE CONTACT =
WITH
ARCHBISHOP ARELLANO "SO WE COULD COORDINATE OUR PARALLEL EFFORTS." =
SPELLMAN
AGREED. ON 4/9/54, A PASTORAL LETTER READ IN ALL GUATEMALAN CHURCHES =
NOTED
COMMUNISM IN COUNTRY AND DEMANDED THAT "THE PEOPLE OF GUATEMALA...RISE =
AS A
SINGLE MAN AGAINST THE ENEMY OF GOD AND COUNTRY." CIA AIR-DROPPED MANY
THOUSANDS OF LEAFLETS CARRYING THE PASTORAL MESSAGE INTO REMOTE AREAS. =
DL
226 FROM SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 155
GUATEMALA, 54 A PASTORAL LETTER FROM THE CATHOLIC ARCHBISHOP OF =
4/4/54
DENOUNCING COMMUNISM HAD GALVANIZED RIGHT-WING OPPOSITION TO ARBENZ. =
ALSO
ARMAS WAS BLESSED BY THE PAPAL NUNCIO AS HE ARRIVED AT THE AIRPORT. A =
FLOOD
OF MISSIONARIES CAME TO GUATEMALA TO PREACH ANTI-COMMUNISM. NACLA =
(MAGAZINE
RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 4,5
GUATEMALA, 54 CARDINAL SPELLMAN ARRANGED CIA CONTACT BETWEEN A =
SENIOR
CHURCHMAN SO THE CIA COULD COORDINATE HIS EFFORTS WITH THE OVERTHROW =
OP.
ANTI-ARBENZ AND ANTI-COMMUNIST PASTORAL LETTERS WERE GIVEN WIDE
DISTRIBUTION IN L.A. PRESS. AND THOUSANDS OF LEAFLETS CARRYING THE =
PASTORAL
LETTERS WERE AIR-DROPPED INTO REMOTE AREAS. HUNT, H.J. (1974). =
UNDERCOVER
99
LATIN AMERICA, 87-91 GUATEMALA'S DECISIVE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION =
POINTS UP
BIG GAINS PROTESTANISM IS MAKING ALL ACROSS REGION AT EXPENSE OF ROMAN
CATHOLICISM. EVANGELICAL PROTESTANISM INCREASED FROM 15 MILLION TO AT =
LEAST
40 MILLION IN LATIN AMERICA. TIME 1/21/91 68
THIRD WORLD, 48-75 UNTIL 75 THE CIA ROUTINELY USED MISSIONARIES AND
CLERICS AS INFORMANTS. THIS ESPECIALLY TRUE IN CENTRAL AMERICA WHERE =
MOST
OF 14 DOCUMENTED CASES OF COLLABORATION OCCURRED. (THE HISTORIC =
CONFERENCE
OF LATIN AMERICAN BISHOPS HELD IN COLOMBIAN CITY OF MEDELLIN IN 68 SET =
THE
HEMISPHERE'S CATHOLIC CHURCH ON A NEW COURSE OF SOCIAL JUSTICE. CALLED =
THE
MEDELLIN CONFERENCE.) DURING THE COLD WAR U.S. MISSIONARIES ROUTINELY =
ON
THEIR RETURN TO THE U.S. VISITED THE STATE DEPT TO BE DEBRIEFED. A
PROTESTANT MISSIONARY IN BOLIVIA REGULARLY MET WITH A CIA AGENT TO =
PASS ON
ALL SORTS OF INFO ABOUT UNIONS FARMERS' COOPERATIVES. CIA REGULARLY =
VISITED
THE MARYKNOLL HQS IN NEW YORK UP TO 1970. CIA TRIED TO GET INFO FROM
MISSIONARIES IN THE FIELD BY DEVELOPING FRIENDSHIPS AND APPEARING TO =
ASK
DISINTERESTED QUESTIONS WITHOUT IDENTIFYING THEMSELVES AS CIA. IN =
GUATEMALA
A CIA AGENT USED HIS BACKGROUND AS A MARYKNOLL SEMINARIAN TO DEVELOP
CONTACTS WITH U.S. MISSIONARIES. THE CIA IN LATIN AMERICA SUPPORTED
RIGHT-WING CATHOLIC GROUPS. THE NATION 4/26/80 P494-496
=20
SPECIAL FORCES
=20
GUATEMALA, 66-68 ABOUT 1000 GREEN BERETS HELPED ARANA'S TROOPS ON
COUNTERINSURGENCY RAIDS. 8000 PEOPLE SLAIN. LERNOUX, P. (1982). CRY OF =
THE
PEOPLE 186
GUATEMALA, 66-68 GREEN BERETS CI CAMPAIGN LED TO SLAUGHTER OF =
PERHAPS
10,000 PEASANTS WITH HELP OF GREEN BERETS. NAPALM ALSO USED. CHOMSKY, =
N.
(1985). TURNING THE TIDE 155
GUATEMALA, 68 ADVISORS SENT TO GUATEMALA WORK WITH MILITARY AND
PARAMILITARY FORCES TO DESIGN BLOODY, EFFECTIVE REPRESSION OF =
INSURGENCY.
DICKEY, C. (1985). WITH THE CONTRAS 85
GUATEMALA, 68-82 TRAINED MILITARY DEATH SQUADS WHO USED "TERROR
TACTICS" FROM KILLING TO INDISCRIMINATE NAPALMING OF VILLAGES. SPECIAL
FORCES ALMOST CERTAINLY PARTICIPATED IN OPS DESPITE CONGRESSIONAL
PROHIBITION. MARSHALL, J., SCOTT P.D., & HUNTER, J. (1987). THE =
IRAN-CONTRA
CONNECTION 193
TERRORISM
GUATEMALA DEATH SQUADS, 66 REVOLUTION BROUGHT FULL-SCALE
COUNTERINSURGENCY TO ARMS, ADVISORS AND GREEN BERETS. STATE DEPT STUDY
SAID: "TO ELIMINATE FEW HUNDRED GUERRILLAS, THE GVT KILLED PERHAPS =
10,000
PEASANTS." KWITNY, J. (1984). ENDLESS ENEMIES 233
GUATEMALA, 50-72 IN OCT 66 ARANA (WITH INCREASING AMOUNTS OF U.S.
MILITARY AND POLICE AID TO GUATEMALA) WAS USING QUASI-MILITARY =
TERRORIST
UNITS IN GUERRILLA ZONES. IN COORDINATION WITH ARMY AND POLICE INTEL
APPARATUS, PM GROUPS WERE USED TO ROOT OUT GUERRILLA SYMPATHIZERS. =
JONES,
S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974). GUATEMALA 196
RAND CORPORATION, GUATEMALA. RAND ATTRIBUTED 60--82 SUCCESS OF U.S.
TRAINED GUATEMALAN MILITARY - DEATH SQUADS TO "THE PSYCHOLOGICAL =
IMPACT OF
TERROR TACTICS" FROM MURDER TO INDISCRIMINATE NAPALMING VILLAGES. =
MARSHALL,
J., SCOTT P.D., & HUNTER, J. (1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION =
193
REAGAN ADMINISTRATION LINKS WITH GUATEMALA'S TERRORIST GOVERNMENT. =
COVERT
ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) 4/81 16-21
THINK TANK
=20
RAND CORPORATION, GUATEMALA, 60-82 RAND ATTRIBUTED SUCCESS OF U.S.
TRAINED GUATEMALAN MILITARY DEATH SQUADS TO "THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT =
OF
TERROR TACTICS" FROM MURDER TO INDISCRIMINATE NAPALMING VILLAGES. =
MARSHALL,
J., SCOTT P.D., & HUNTER, J. (1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION =
193
TORTURE
CIA SET UP ANSESAL AND OTHER NETWORKS OF TERROR IN EL SALVADOR, =
GUATEMALA
(ANSEGAT) AND PRE-SANDINISTA NICARAGUA (ANSENIC). THE CIA CREATED,
STRUCTURED AND TRAINED SECRET POLICE IN SOUTH KOREA, IRAN, CHILE AND
URUGUAY, AND ELSEWHERE - ORGANIZATIONS RESPONSIBLE FOR UNTOLD =
THOUSANDS OF
TORTURES, DISAPPEARANCES, AND DEATHS. SPARK 4/85 P2-4
GUATEMALA, 63 SPECIAL FORCES CARRIED OUT INTENSIVE TRG OF LOCAL
PERSONNEL IN ANTI-GUERRILLA WARFARE, INTERROGATION AND SURVIVAL.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 247
GUATEMALA, 70-72 UNDER ARANA PRESIDENCY, WITH MARIO SANDOVAL ALARCON =
AND
OTHERS INVOLVED IN RIGHT-WING TERRORISM, ARANA UNLEASHED ONE OF THE =
MOST
GRUESOME SLAUGHTERS IN RECENT LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY (ONLY IN CHILE,
FOLLOWING THE COUP AGAINST ALLENDE WAS THE DEGREE OF VIOLENCE =
GREATER). THE
NYT REPORTED IN JUNE 71 THAT AT LEAST 2000 GUATEMALANS WERE =
ASSASSINATED
BETWEEN 11/70 AND 5/71; MOST CORPSES SHOWED SIGNS OF TORTURE. MOST OF
KILLING ATTRIBUTED TO THE OFFICIALLY SUPPORTED TERRORIST ORGS OJO POR =
OJO
(AN EYE FOR AN EYE) AND MANO BLANCA. JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. =
(EDS.). (1974).
GUATEMALA 202-3
GUATEMALA, 80-93 GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION/USA REPORT
"CONFRONTING THE HEART OF DARKNESS - AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON =
TORTURE
IN GUATEMALA." JUNE 93 99 PAGES
WATCH LIST
GUATEMALA, 54 DEATH SQUADS AND TARGET LISTS. SCHLESINGER, S., & =
KINZER,
S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 197, 207-8, 221
GUATEMALA, 54 GOAL OF CIA WAS APPREHENSION OF SUSPECTED COMMUNISTS =
AND
SYMPATHIZERS. AT CIA BEHEST, CASTILLO ARMAS CREATED COMMITTEE AND =
ISSUED
DECREE THAT EST. DEATH PENALTY FOR CRIMES INCLUDING LABOR UNION =
ACTIVITIES.
COMMITTEE GIVEN AUTHORITY DECLARE ANYONE COMMUNIST WITH NO RIGHT OF =
DEFENSE
OR APPEAL. BY 11/21/ 54 COMMITTEE HAD SOME 72,000 PERSONS ON FILE =
AND
AIMING TO LIST 200,000. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). =
BITTER FRUIT
221
GUATEMALA, 54 THE U.S. AMBASSADOR AFTER OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ GVT =
GAVE
LISTS OF RADICAL OPPONENTS TO BE ELIMINATED TO ARMAS'S GVT. NACLA 2/83 =
P4.
THE MILITARY CONTINUED UP TO AT LEAST 79 TO USE A LIST OF 72,000
PROSCRIBED OPPONENTS, DRAWN UP FIRST IN 54. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN
AMERICA) 2/83 P13
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER ARMAS MADE PRESIDENT, LABOR CODE FORGOTTEN AND =
WORKER
ORGANIZERS BEGAN DISAPPEARING FROM UNITED FRUIT PLANTATIONS. HERSH, B.
(1992). THE OLD BOYS 353
GUATEMALA, 81-89 ISRAELI KNESSET MEMBER GEN. PELED SAID IN CENTRAL
AMERICA ISRAEL IS `DIRTY WORK' CONTRACTOR FOR U.S. HELPED GUATEMALA =
REGIME
WHEN CONGRESS BLOCKED REAGAN ADM. ISRAELI FIRM TADIRAN (THEN PARTLY
U.S.-OWNED) SUPPLIED GUATEMALAN MILITARY WITH COMPUTERIZED INTEL =
SYSTEM TO
TRACK POTENTIAL SUBVERSIVES. THOSE ON COMPUTER LIST HAD AN EXCELLENT =
CHANCE
OF BEING "DISAPPEARED." IT "AN ARCHIVE AND COMPUTER FILE ON =
JOURNALISTS,
STUDENTS, LEADERS, LEFTISTS, POLITICIANS AND SO ON." COMPUTER SYSTEM =
MAKING
UP DEATH LISTS. COCKBURN, A. & COCKBURN, L. (1991). DANGEROUS =
LIAISON 219
GUATEMALA, 54 DOS SECRETARY DULLES TOLD AMBASSADOR PEURIFOY TO HAVE =
THE
GVT SCOUR THE COUNTRYSIDE FOR COMMUNISTS AND TO SLAP THEM WITH =
CRIMINAL
CHARGES. A FEW MONTHS LATER THE GVT BEGAN TO PERSECUTE HUNDREDS FOR =
VAGUE
COMMUNIST CRIMES. THE NATION 10/28/78 444
WEAPONRY
GUATEMALA, 53-54 IN OP PBSUCCESS CIA CREATED DUMMY ARMS COMPANY,
INTERNATIONAL ARMAMENT CORPORATION (INTERARMCO) TO SERVE AS CONDUIT =
FOR
ARMS TO NICARAGUA AND HONDURAS. CIA USED VARIETY DUMMY ORGANIZATIONS =
TO
SEND PLANES TO REBELS. NATIONAL GUARD UNITS IN SOUTHERN U.S. LOANED =
PLANES
TO CIA, WHICH RENTED THEM TO NICARAGUA FOR ONE DOLLAR EACH. AIR FORCE =
OF A
DOZEN PLANES. TREVERTON, G. (1987). COVERT ACTION 63
GUATEMALA, 53 CIA WITH UNITED FRUIT SUPPLIED RIGHT WING ARMY =
OFFICERS
WITH WEAPONS. THEY RAIDED A PROVINCIAL TOWN AND WERE OVERCOME. CIA'S =
ROLE
IN AFFAIR NOT REVEALED IN TRIAL. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. =
(1983).
BITTER FRUIT 103
GUATEMALA, 54 ARBENZ ARRANGED TO BUY ARMS FROM CZECHOSLOVAKIA WHOSE
ARRIVAL IN GUATEMALA USED AS EXCUSE TO OVERTHROW HIS GVT. KWITNY, J.
(1984). ENDLESS ENEMIES 226
GUATEMALA, 54 INTERNATIONAL OUTCRY OVER GUATEMALA'S PURCHASE OF =
ARMS
FROM CZECHOSLOVAKIA. US LEAKED STORY. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, =
S. (1983).
BITTER FRUIT 10
GUATEMALA, 54 OPERATION FORTUNE, A CIA PLAN TO SMUGGLE ARMS TO =
ARBENZ
OPPONENTS VIA UNITED FRUIT BOATS. PLANS CANCELLED BY STATE DEPT.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 92
GUATEMALA, 82-83 THE CIA PROVIDED RIFLES AND LASER-BEAM RIFLE =
SIGHTS FOR
GENERAL RIOS MONTT'S CIVIL PATROLS. THE PROGRESSIVE 9/86 P7
GUATEMALA, 82 MASS TRANSIT SYSTEMS CORP OF PHILADELPHIA HAS BEEN
SUPPLYING THE GUATEMALAN GVT WITH LASER-AIMED RIFLE SIGHTS FOR SEVERAL
YEARS. MASS TRANSIT HAS DONE CONTRACT ARMS SHIPMENTS FOR THE CIA. CIA
RECORDS INDICATE THE RELATIONSHIP EXISTED SINCE 81. MASS T. WAS
INCORPORATED IN DELAWARE IN 78 FOR THE "PROMOTION AND SALE OF
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT AND RELATED PARTS AND SUPPLIES." THE CIA =
ALSO
WITH THE PENTAGON ARRANGED FOR 10 U.S. M-41 TANKS FOR DELIVERY TO =
GUATEMALA
FROM BELGIUM VIA THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. IN JULY 85 A CIA-APPROVED
SHIPMENT OF 40 ASSAULT RIFLES WITH 1000 GRENADE LAUNCHERS WERE =
DELIVERED
FROM ISRAEL. THE PROGRESSIVE 5/86 P20-2
INTERARMCO, 54 THRU FORMER CIA EMPLOYEE SAMUEL CUMMINGS CIA SET UP =
DUMMY
ARMS CO CALLED INTERNATIONAL ARMAMENT CORPORATION AND ENDOWED CO WITH =
OVER
$100,000. COM THEN BEGAN TO SUPPLY ARMS TO CIA-ORGANIZED LIBERATION =
ARMY OF
GUATEMALA. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 115
ISRAEL, CENTRAL AMERICA, 80-86 HARARI PART OF ISRAELI ARMS NET IN
GUATEMALA AND EL SALVADOR IN 80-83 AND TO CONTRAS IN 83-85. WITH =
HUNDREDS
TONS ARMS FROM PLO STOCKS SHIPPED AT REQUEST OF DCI CASEY. HARARI PART =
OF
NORIEGA BUSINESS. MOVED COCAINE FROM COLOMBIA TO PANAMA. THERE AN =
"ARMS
SUPERMARKET," A SERIES OF WAREHOUSES IN HONDURAN CITY OF SAN PEDRO =
SULA.
NEWSWEEK REPORTED SUPERMARKET'S PARTNERSHIP AS A COLLECTION OF =
LONGTIME CIA
ARMS MERCHANTS, AGENTS OF MOSSAD'S SECRET SERVICE, AND INTEL ARM OF
HONDURAN MILITARY. COCKBURN, A. & COCKBURN, L. (1991). DANGEROUS =
LIAISON
254-55
ISRAEL, GUATEMALA. 77-85 PASAKH BEN OR, AN ISRAELI IN GUATEMALA, =
SOLD SO
MANY ISRAELI ARMS IN GUATEMALA THERE NOTHING LEFT TO BUY. COCKBURN, A. =
& =20
COCKBURN, L. (1991). DANGEROUS LIAISON 221
WEAPONRY, PLANTED
GUATEMALA, 52-54 IN MIDST OF STEVENSON'S 52 CAMPAIGN FOR PRESIDENT,
MIGUEL A. MAGANA OF EL SALVADOR GAVE BERLE EVIDENCE THAT GUATEMALAN =
REGIME
HAD IMPORTED CZECHOSLOVAK ARMS AND THAT IT CONSTITUTED "CLEAR-CUT
INTERVENTION" BY USSR. FROM AN ANTI-GVT SOURCE, BERLE HEARD COMMUNISTS
USING TORTURE AND ASSASSINATION AGAINST OPPOSITION; FROM CIA HE =
LEARNED
THAT A SHIPMENT OF ARMS FROM POLAND HAD LANDED IN GUATEMALA AND GUNS =
WERE
BEING DISTRIBUTED TO PEASANTS NOT THE ARMY. BERLE DESCRIBED FOR NEW =
YORK
TIMES MAGAZINE THE COMMUNIST THREAT TO LATIN AMERICA, HINTING "IT =
WOULD
TAKE MORE THAN DIPLOMATIC MACHINERY..." BERLE WAS NOT PRIVY TO CIA =
PLANS.
SCHWARTZ, J. (1987). LIBERAL: ADOLF A. BERLE AND THE VISION OF AN =
AMERICAN
ERA 314
GUATEMALA, 54 PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN TO OVERTHROW ARBENZ HIGHLIGHTED =
TO
SEMI PUBLIC MILITARY PREPARATIONS GOING ON IN HONDURAS, ACTUAL AND
FICTIONAL ARMS DROPS, BORDER INTRUSIONS INTO GUATEMALA, AND DIRECT =
APPEALS
TO GUATEMALAN MILITARY OFFICERS. CORSON, W.R. (1977). ARMIES OF =
IGNORANCE
354
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA PLANES PARACHUTED RUSSIAN-MADE ARMS TO MAKE THE =
CLAIM
THAT THE SOVIETS WERE TRYING TO ESTABLISH A BEACHHEAD. COMMANDO RAIDS =
BY
CIA OPERATIVES KNOCKED OUT RAILROAD LINES, A FEW SHIPS AND SOME =
TRAINS. THE
NATION 10/28/78 P443
GUATEMALA, NICARAGUA, 54 CIA COLLABORATED WITH SOMOZA IN PLANTING =
CASES
OF RIFLES ALONG NICARAGUAN COAST. FOSTER DULLES LEAKED TO NEWSMEN THAT =
THE
ARMS FORESHADOWED INVASION OF HONDURAS. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS =
346
HONDURAS, 70 IN ITS BATTLE WITH EL SALVADOR MCCANN, A PR PERSON WITH
UNITED FRUIT, TOLD A TOP HONDURAN OFFICIAL TO PLACE SOME RUSSIAN OR =
CHINESE
WEAPONS IN HANDS OF DEAD SALVADORAN SOLDIERS, AND THEN ANNOUNCED
"DISCOVERY" TO PRESS WITH PICTURES. AATT 168. NEW YORK TIMES REPORTED =
ON
WEAPONS SHIPMENT TO GUATEMALA THAT BORE HAMMER AND SICKLE MARKINGS - A
FAMILIAR CIA TACTIC ONE THAT MCCANN, A UNITED FRUIT EMPLOYEE, USED =
HIMSELF.
MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 59
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA STASHED MANY ARMS IN CANAL ZONE. OTHER CIA UNITS
GATHERED SOVIET-MARKED WEAPONS TO PLANT INSIDE GUATEMALA JUST BEFORE
INVASION TO REINFORCE AMERICAN CHARGES THAT RUSSIANS TRYING TO =
ESTABLISH A
FOOTHOLD. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 115
GUATEMALA 54 AN UNMARKED PLANE ON 8 JUNE PARACHUTED ARMS ON THE =
PACIFIC
COAST OF GUATEMALA. ARMS HAD SOVIET MARKINGS. SCHLESINGER, S., & =
KINZER, S.
(1983). BITTER FRUIT 9
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA STARTED TO PLANT BOXES OF RIFLES WITH CONSPICUOUS
SOVIET MARKINGS NEAR NICARAGUA'S PACIFIC COAST AND TO ARRANGE FOR =
THEIR
DISCOVERY BY NICARAGUAN POLICE. NICARAGUA'S DICTATOR COOPERATED WITH =
THE
RUSE AND TOLD DIPLOMATIC COMMUNITY THAT POLICE HAD LOCATED A SOVIET =
WEAPON
SHIPMENT. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 150
GUATEMALA, 54 PR DIRECTOR UNITED FRUIT WHILE OUTLINING SUCCESS OF
COMPANY'S CAMPAIGN TO CONTROL PRESS DURING COUP GUATEMALA OBSERVES =
"THE
PHONY WEAPONS PLOY" WAS USED IN GUATEMALA IN 54 AS IN VIETNAM THROUGH =
60S.
CHOMSKY, N. (1985). TURNING THE TIDE 120
NICARAGUA, GUATEMALA, 54 TO DEMONSTRATE SOVIET ARMING OF GUATEMALA, =
CIA
PLANTED SOVIET MARKED ARMS CACHE ON NICARAGUA'S PACIFIC COAST IN MAY =
54.
SOMOZA FLAUNTED "DISCOVERY" FOR PRESS. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED
HOPE 294
WHITE PAPER
GUATEMALA, 54 DOS ISSUED WHITE PAPER WHICH USED INFO FROM A =
CIA-BACKED
BOOK. SECOND REPORT OF STATE DEPT. CALLED "INTERVENTION OF =
INTERNATIONAL
COMMUNISM IN GUATEMALA," ALSO USED SOME CIA-BACKED BOOK MATERIAL.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 95
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